31results about How to "Improve measurement" patented technology

A method for combining breathing rate measurements from two or more independent measurement channels. Independent measurements of breathing rate, for instance by impedance pneumography and photoplethysmography, can be combined to derive an improved measurement eliminating artefacts on one channel. A model of the process generating the breathing rate, is constructed and is run independently for each channel to generate predictions of the breathing rate. The model may be a Kalman filter. The measured values are compared with the predicted values and the difference is used as an indication of the confidence in the measurement, the higher the difference the lower the confidence. The measurements from the two channels are combined using weights calculated from the respected differences.

A method and apparatus for allowing the collection of information regarding visits to the pages of a data network such as the Internet, and the number of separate images viewed is described. The described method overcomes various prior art limitations including providing for improved accuracy in reporting the number of times a banner image, such as an advertisement, is viewed; providing improved methods and apparatuses for efficiently identifying unique banner images viewed; providing an improved method and apparatus for configuring a network user's computer so that interference from the data collection process with the normal operation of the computer is minimized; providing an improved method and apparatus for efficiently calculating a checksum to allow unique identification of a banner image viewed by a network user; and providing an improved method and apparatus for determining whether the network user used the browser BACK button to view a page and, if so, to count the banner images viewed.

A laser surveying system, comprising a light source for emitting a laser beam, a projection optical system for turning the laser beam from the light source to a parallel luminous flux, a scanning unit for projecting the luminous flux of the projected laser beam for scanning, a scanning direction detecting unit for detecting a scanning direction, a photodetection optical system for receiving a reflected light of the projected laser beam from an object to be measured, a photodetection element for performing photo-electric conversion of the reflected light received via the photodetection optical system, and a distance measuring unit for measuring a distance based on a signal from the photodetection element, wherein the projection optical system has a luminous flux diameter changing means, and a luminous flux diameter of the projected laser beam is enabled to be changed.

A method, system, and computer program product for determining relative quality of search engine indexes and search results include performing a two-level random walk through a hypertext-linked document set. Search engine index quality is measured based on the number of encountered documents that are indexed by the search engine index. Search result quality is measured based on the number and quality of documents that link to the result document.

An apparatus for determining the volume of liquid in a probe tip of an aspirating or dispensing probe, such as those used in a diagnostic analyzer, includes: two electrodes on opposite sides of the probe tip and the electrodes and liquid form a variable capacitor; a resistor; a voltage source and the electrodes, resistor, and solenoid are in electrical communication in at least one of series, parallel or series and parallel to form an RC circuit; and a microprocessor in electrical communication with the RC circuit for converting an electrical signal to a volume of liquid in the probe tip. In a preferred embodiment, the probe tip is separate from the probe and is adapted to be fitted on the end of a probe for aspirating and dispensing a liquid. In another preferred embodiment, the apparatus further includes a solenoid, and the voltage source, electrodes, resistor, and solenoid are in electrical communication in at least one of series, parallel or series and parallel to form an RLC circuit, and the microprocessor is in electrical communication with the RLC circuit for converting an electrical signal to a volume of liquid in the probe tip. The apparatus can be used with a liquid have a known or unknown dielectric constant and can be used to determine the presence of bubbles in the liquid.

A linear water meter system may include a metering system, a ball valve, a power generation system, a wireless communication system, or a combination thereof. The linear water meter system may provide a linear pathway through the meter that minimizes pressure loss in the system. Two pathways may be provided through the power generation system. One pathway may be utilized to generate power, and the other pathway may provide a bypass that can be utilized to maintain a desired water pressure level in the system.

For determining a jitter value for a digital data signal, a jitter histogram determined for the digital data signal is substantially approximated using n normal distribution functions. The two outermost normal distribution functions are determine, and the jitter value is derived from a distance between the mean values of the two outmost distribution functions.

The disclosures is directed to cough detectors, methods and kits. Cough detectors can include, for example, a housing adaptable to engage an abdomen or thorax of a mammal; a first sensor comprising an AGM sensor positioned within the housing; a processor in communication with the AGM sensor wherein the processor is capable of receiving a signal from the AGM sensor and analyzing the signal to determine whether the signal is characterizable as a cough; and a power source.

A synthetic radiation source uses a carbon nanotube material as a cold cathode for generation of x-rays. The synthetic radiation source has permits the use of solid-state detectors, improved calibration for detector current leakage, and phase locked detection. The source can be used in numerous areas, such as the detection of thickness and mass per unit area of cigarette paper.

The invention encompasses an improved method for measuring membrane potential using compounds of the formula I as potentiometric probes. These probes may be used in combination with other fluorescent indicators such as Indo-1, Fura-2, and Fluo-3, such probes may be used in microplate reading devices such as FLIPR™, fluorescent imaging plate reader, sold by Molecular Device Corp., of Sunnyvale, Calif.; flow cytometers; and fluorometers. Such probes are used to measure membrane potential in live cells

A system, device, and method are disclosed for a tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) magnetic sensor to effectively increase magnetic field measurement linearity and minimize cross-axis interference. The TMR magnetic sensor comprises a plurality of transducer legs, each having multiple sense elements. The TMR magnetic sensor comprises a plurality of built-in current lines located adjacent to each sense element. The current lines are routed such that two or more sense elements have magnetic responses that have opposing contributions from the cross-axis effect for a given field direction in each transducer leg within the TMR magnetic sensor. Therefore, the overall field response from each transducer leg is internally compensated and the TMR magnetic sensor has an output with minimal cross-axis interference.

A property of a target structure is measured based on intensity of an image of the target. The method includes (a) obtaining an image of the target structure; (b) defining (1204) a plurality of candidate regions of interest, each candidate region of interest comprising a plurality of pixels in the image; (c) defining (1208, 1216) an optimization metric value for the candidate regions of interest based at least partly on signal values of pixels within the region of interest; (d) defining (1208, 1216) a target signal function which defines a contribution of each pixel in the image to a target signal value. The contribution of each pixel depends on (i) which candidate regions of interest contain that pixel and (ii) optimization metric values of those candidate regions of interest.

Disclosed herein are detectors of audio ringing feedback, that is decaying feedback with a gain of less than one, those detectors utilizing a repeated gain measurement that applied to a range of gain values characteristic of ringing-type feedback. Those gain measurements, while in the range, increase a probability measurement of feedback. When the probability of feedback reaches a threshold, a detection of feedback is made and feedback countermeasures, such as the application of a notch filter, may be applied. Optionally, the audio gain around likely frequencies of feedback may be enhanced for a time to increase the resolution of identification of a feedback frequency, which may be identified through an interpolative method. Repeated gain measurements may also identify building-type feedback. A ringing detector may include more than one range of detection, for example for building, strong-ringing and weak-ringing feedback.

A computer system for processing complex synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images includes a database for storing complex SAR images to be processed, and a processor for processing a complex SAR image from the database. The processing includes receiving a complex SAR data set for a SAR image comprising a plurality of pixels, and applying a complex anisotropic diffusion algorithm to the complex SAR data set. The complex SAR data set includes a real and an imaginary part for each pixel.

An apparatus comprises a data processing unit and a stimulator. The data processing unit receives first electroencephalographic data based on a measurement of a brain of a person exposed to one or more estimated or measured non-zero amounts of anesthetic drug substance. The data processing unit performs a first comparison between the first electroencephalographic data and corresponding data of a reference brain function, and outputs information about the first comparison. The stimulator provides the brain of the person exposed to the anesthetic drug substance with brain stimulation on the basis of a direct or indirect reception of the information about the first comparison.

A method and apparatus for determining a range of sight which are capable of monitoring and correcting the operability of the instrument. A light emitter directs an emitted light beam to a measurement zone and a light receiver receives a received light beam from the measurement zone. The emitted light beam and the received light beam cross each other in the measurement zone. A deflector deflects at least a portion of the emitted light beam downstream of the measurement zone along a light transmitting path and directs the portion of the emitted light beam into the received light beam at a side of the measurement zone opposite from the light receiver. An optical shutter intermittently closes the light transmitting path in a temporally controlled manner.

A measuring device electronics comprises a processor and two clock signal generators. One clock signal generator serves for producing a working clock signal, and also for producing a reference clock signal which is dependant on the working clock signal. The other clock signal generator, serves for producing a second reference clock signal, which is independent of the working clock signal. Based on the two independent reference clock signals, a frequency difference, can, to the extent that such is present, be ascertained during operation of the measuring device electronics or of the measuring device formed therewith. The frequency difference, represents a difference between the instantaneous clocking frequency of the first reference clock signal and the instantaneous clocking frequency of the second reference clock signal, and, in this respect, represents a measure for a deviation of an instantaneous clocking frequency, from the nominally predetermined clocking frequency, of the working clock signal.

The invention provides a hole measurement pattern and a hole measurement method. The hole measurement pattern comprises a first part, a second part and a third part, wherein the first part is a repeated pattern area at least comprising three rows and three columns of repeated patterns; the second part is a pattern formed after a T-shaped pattern turns 90 degrees; the third part is a T-shaped pattern; the second part is arranged at the side of the first part; and the third part is arranged at the upper part or lower part of the first part. The pattern and the method have the following beneficial effects: the measurement of the critical dimension of the contact hole and/or through hole layer dense area is improved, and auxiliary measurement patterns are arranged in the contact hole and through hole layer dense pattern areas, thus improving the measurement condition of the critical dimension of the area.

The invention discloses a remote and precise tunnel surface horizontal displacement measurement device and method. The device comprises a laser source, a first mirror, a second mirror, a focusing lensand a charge coupled device in sequence along an optical path, wherein the first mirror and the second mirror are 45-DEG mirrors; the first mirror receives horizontal light emitted by the laser source, changes the horizontal light for 90 DEG along a clockwise direction in a horizontal plane and reflects the light to the second mirror; the second mirror changes the horizontal light for 90 DEG again along the clockwise direction in the horizontal plane and reflects the light to the focusing lens; and the focusing lens focuses the horizontal light to the receiving screen of the charge coupled device, a light spot is obtained on the receiving screen, and imaging on the screen is realized. The remote and precise tunnel surface horizontal displacement measurement device can precisely measure the displacement of the tunnel in a horizontal direction, and the measurement difficulty is reduced.

The invention discloses a remote and precise foundation vertical displacement measurement device and method. The remote and precise foundation vertical displacement measurement device comprises a laser source, a first mirror, a second mirror, a focusing lens and a charge coupled device in sequence along an optical path, wherein the first mirror and the second mirror are 45-DEG mirrors; the first mirror receives horizontal light emitted by the laser source, changes the horizontal light for 90 DEG along a clockwise direction in a horizontal plane and reflects the light to the second mirror; thesecond mirror changes the horizontal light for 90 DEG again along the clockwise direction in the horizontal plane and reflects the light to the focusing lens; and the focusing lens focuses the horizontal light to the receiving screen of the charge coupled device, a light spot is obtained on the receiving screen, and imaging on the screen is realized. The remote and precise foundation vertical displacement measurement device and method provided by the invention can accurately measure the displacement of the foundation in a vertical direction, and the measurement difficulty is reduced.

The invention discloses an explosion loading device based on one-dimensional strain conditions. The explosion loading device comprises a loading module used for explosion impact, a constraint module for realizing one-dimensional strain and a measuring module used for experiment data collection, wherein the loading module comprises an exploder, explosives, a container and a medium used for uniformly transmitting an explosion load onto a test piece; the constraint module comprises a steel pipe, an upper metal plate and a lower metal plate; the steel pipe is provided with an observation window; and the measuring module comprises a support structure, a laser interference velocimeter used for measuring the movement speed of a back plate, a sensor used for measuring action pressure, a sensor used for measuring air overpressure, a high-speed camera used for observing a material compression process, a strain gage used for measuring the steel pipe deformation and an oscilloscope used for collecting data. The small-test-piece one-dimensional strain loading experiment on a brittle porous material can be realized, so that a local explosion loading experiment using big test pieces for meeting the one-dimensional strain loading conditions is avoided; the measurement on experiment parameters in the explosion loading process can be increased; and meanwhile, the test piece compression process can be observed.

The invention relates to a calibration process for determining the presence and/or the amount of a target compound in a test sample, using a solid support, attached to the surface of which are a compound capable of binding specifically with said target compound and a calibration probe compound, the molar ratio of said compound Csc to said compound Cs being known, in particular for nucleic acid or protein biochips. The invention also comprises the use of such a support for the self-calibration of a measurement, in particular by surface plasmon resonance or by fluorescence, and also a device or a kit comprising such a support and a standard calibration reagent.

In accordance with the invention, an estimator is used in the controller portion of a scanning probe microscope to provide precise position estimates of the probe tip which is controlled in the vertical direction by a microelectromechanical system (MEMS) actuator. The precise position estimates typically enhance the ability of the scanning probe microscope to follow the surface and typically provide improved measurements of the surface topography.

A method, device, and system for improved measurement of fluid temperatures are provided. In one embodiment, a temperature probe structure comprises a header having a cavity; a longitudinal probe disposed at least partially within the cavity of the header; a temperature detector disposed within the longitudinal probe; and an insulator disposed between the header and the longitudinal probe for insulating the longitudinal probe from the header.

The invention discloses a real-time monitoring method in a metal friction wear self-repair process, belongs to the self-repair surface online monitoring technology field and relates to a method presenting the friction wear repair effect through measuring temperature change of a self-repair process. As self-repair occurs in the friction wear process, a self-repair state can be presented through temperature change. After irradiation of an infrared source, infrared light is reflected by a surface of a friction pair and arrives an infrared sensor through a filter and an optical element, the reflected light signal is converted by the infrared sensor into an electrical signal, processing is carried out through a computer, and a temperature change curve of the self-repair process is finally acquired. According to the method, non-contact measurement is employed, sampling frequency is up to 200kHz, measurement precision is high, the scope is proper, and an original temperature field is not destroyed. The method is advantaged in that the method is more visual and accurate compared with a spectrum analysis method and a contact resistance method, and professional measurement knowledge and experience are not required.

A measuring instrument for detecting a fill level or a limit level of a medium, for example fill levels in containers or chambers, is provided. The measuring instrument includes a sensor unit, which takes at least two measurements at two different penetration depths in the medium. For this purpose, an arithmetic-logic unit makes calculations so as to distinguish complete covering of the sensor unit by a medium from adhesion of parts of the medium to the sensor unit, using the results of the measurements.

A bearing and shaft assembly comprises a shaft and at least one bearing, and is provided with at least one strain sensor. An elastic component is provided between the shaft and the at least one bearing, and the elastic component comprises the at least one strain sensor. In one disclosed embodiment, the elastic component forms an integral part with one of the bearing and the shaft.

An information measuring method is used for measuring installation information of a camera disposed over a plane with an installation height and oriented towards the plane with a shooting angle. The information measuring method includes steps of disposing a first reference point and a second reference point on the plane; measuring a first distance and a second distance between the first reference point, the second reference point and a third reference point; capturing an image including the first reference point, the second reference point and the third reference point; analyzing the image to define a first reference line and a second reference line; determining a first angle and a second angle according to the first reference line, the second reference line and a first normal line; and determining the installation height and/or the shooting angle according to the first distance, the second distance, the first angle and the second angle.

A six-degree-of-freedom displacement measurement method for an exposure region on a wafer stage, the wafer stage comprises a coil array and a movable platform. A planar grating is fixed below a permanent magnet array of the movable platform. A reading head is fixed in a gap of the coil array. A measurement region is formed on the planar grating by an incident measurement light beam of the reading head. The reading head measures the six-degree-of-freedom displacement of the measurement region, so that the six-degree-of-freedom displacement of the exposure region is obtained through calculation. In the method, the six-degree-of-freedom displacement of the exposure region at any time is measured; the measurement complexity is reduced and the measurement precision is improved, and especially, the six-degree-of-freedom displacement of the exposure region can be precisely measured at any time even if the movable platform has high flexibility.