The invention discloses a large-density cotton yarn spinning technology comprising the working procedures of blowing, carding, drawing, roving and spinning. According to the technical scheme adopted for solving the technical problems, in the roving working procedure, the twist degree of technology gears arranged on a roving machine is improved, the tooth number of the roving twist degree technology gear Z1 is decreased, and the tooth number of the roving twist degree technology gear Z2 is increased; meanwhile, the winding density of the roving machine is increased, the tooth number of the winding technology gear Z10 is decreased, and the tooth number of the winding technology gear Z11 is increased. The twist degree of the technology gears in the roving working procedure during ring spinning is creatively improved, meanwhile, the winding density of the roving machine is improved, so that yarns with the twist degree matched with that of the yarns in the spinning working procedure are spun on the roving machine in the roving working procedure, and the yarns have the large density larger than 194 tex.