The invention discloses a drive axle double-speed reducer with a planetary structure, and belongs to the technical field of automobile drive axles. The reducer comprises a reducer shell, a fixed meshing sleeve, a driven bevel gear, a sliding meshing sleeve, a planetary gear assembly, a bevel gear shell, a driving bevel gear assembly, a driven cylindrical gear and a driving bevel gear. The reduceradopts a double-speed reducer structure, when a commercial automobile is fully loaded, a large speed ratio is adopted to increase driving torque; when the commercial automobile is in zero-load, a small speed ratio is adopted to increase driving speed; and through the reasonable arrangement of the speed and the torque, the oil consumption is reduced, and the efficiency is improved. A planetary gearset structure is adopted, based on the double-speed reduction principle of a planetary bevel gear structure, the switching between one time reduction ratio and two times reduction ratio can be achieved; the shaft diameter of the driving bevel gear is used for radially positioning a cross shaft and the driven bevel gear; the sliding meshing sleeve adopts double-face end face teeth and is used forswitching between the two speed ratios; and through a driving cylindrical gear and an end face tooth structure, the two functions of transmission and speed change are realized.