43results about How to "Keep out of the wind and rain" patented technology

The invention discloses an all-round community security and protection system. The all-round community security and protection system comprises a supporting rod, a connecting rod arranged in the supporting rod in a sliding mode and a monitoring system fixed to the lower end of the connecting rod. The all-round community security and protection system further comprises a motor, a screw rod, a nut, slide rails and slide blocks, wherein the motor is fixed to the top plate of the supporting rod, the screw rod is connected with an output shaft of the motor, the screw rod is sleeved with the nut, the nut is matched with the screw rod, the slide rails are arranged at the two sides of the inner wall of the supporting rod, the slide blocks are connected to the two ends of the nut, and the slide blocks are arranged in the slide rails in a sliding mode. The monitoring system comprises a transition section fixed on the lower end of the connecting rod and a regulation device arranged in the transition section, and the transition section is of a cavity structure with a long-strip hole formed in the lower surface; the monitoring system further comprises a camera device and a connecting bar penetrating through the long-strip hole to fix the camera device onto the regulation device. In the all-round community security and protection system, the screw rod and the nut are arranged to enable the monitoring system to move up and down, and the regulation device enables the camera device to achieve 360-degree no dead corner monitoring.

The invention belongs to the technical field of wind speed and direction measurement, and particularly relates to a wind measuring device and method based on multiple transmitting and receiving ultrasonic sensors. The device comprises an ultrasonic sensor array, a main control unit, a temperature and humidity compensation unit, an alarm unit and a display unit. According to the invention, two ultrasonic sensor subarrays composed of two ultrasonic transmitting sensors which transmit ultrasonic signals and six ultrasonic receiving sensors which receive ultrasonic signals are used to receive ultrasonic array data containing wind speed and direction information; then the array data information received by two ultrasonic sensor subarrays are merged, and the wind speed and direction informationis measured through a beamforming algorithm; different subarray flow vectors formed by two ultrasonic sensor subarrays contain more wind parameter information than an array flow vector or array flow vectors composed of two same subarray flow vectors; and the wind speed and direction measurement accuracy is higher.

The invention discloses a cab apron device for a boarding bridge connection ship and a boarding bridge. A rotation platform and two drive mechanisms are arranged to drive cab aprons to conduct follow-up movement in a three-dimensional direction, and it is convenient for the boarding bridge to adjust the stretch-out length and the swing angle of the cab aprons according to the ship acceptance requirements. The cab aprons are fixed to the rotation platform, due to the fact that the cab apron ship acceptance position is a certain distance away from the rotation platform, the front ends of the cab aprons can move by a larger distance when a rotating bearing operates by a small angle, it is guaranteed that the floating range of the cab aprons is larger, and the requirement for a larger floating range of ships can be met, the cab apron structure is simplified, and the cab aprons can be completely drawn back to a ship acceptance opening in a non-work state, so that the cab aprons are protected against wind and rain, and the service life of the cab aprons is prolonged; a sliding platform is arranged so that the ships can move in the direction perpendicular to the shore; multiple cab aprons can be arranged according to requirements, different sizes of ship cabin doors can be adapted to, and the passing rate of passengers is raised.

The invention provides a transitional device for a rack railway. The transitional device for the rack railway comprises: a rail and a rotating shaft; a rolling bearing, wherein an inner surface of therolling bearing is fixed on an outer surface of the rotating shaft; a travelling gear, wherein an inner surface of the travelling gear is fixed on an outer surface of the rolling bearing, and two sides of the travelling gear are both fixedly connected with first friction plates; and two transitional units, wherein inner surfaces of the two transitional units are both arranged on the outer surfaceof the rotating shaft. The transitional device for the rack railway provided by the invention solves the transitional problem of gear and rack rail engagement in the rack railway, avoids vertical bounce appearing in a current scheme, solves a safe problem caused thereby, is attached onto an axle of a train, has a better work environment to some extent, avoids wind blowing and rain sprinkling, isconvenient to maintain, simple in structure and low in maintaining cost and difficulty, and has a cushioning effect when transition is performed.

The invention discloses a novel solar illumination device. The device comprises a plurality of sunlight collectors, a plurality of sunlight illumination lamp caps and a plurality of sunlight transmission units which are used for transmitting sunlight energy collected by the sunlight collectors to the sunlight illumination lamp caps, wherein each sunlight collector is composed of a condenser lens and a secondary reflective coupler connected with the condenser lens; the sunlight illumination lamp caps are beam splitting lenses; the sunlight transmission units are photoconductive fibers; a protective cover is arranged outside the plurality of sunlight collectors; and a sunlight tracker is arranged at the top end of the protective cover. The solar illumination device has the advantages of simple structure, reasonable design, uniform illumination effect, long service life, good use effect and convenience in popularization and application, and can be used for enlarging the field of solar development and utilization and improving the solar utilization efficiency.

The invention discloses an electric automobile charging pile capable of being stored conveniently. The electric automobile charging pile comprises a buried frame, air cylinders are fixedly connected to the two sides of the bottom of the inner wall of the buried frame respectively, transverse rods are fixedly connected to the tops of the air cylinders, and connecting rods are movably connected to the inner sides of the transverse rods. The air cylinders, the transverse rods, the connecting rods, first connecting blocks, movable rods, a connecting pillar, movable rods, moving grooves and a movable plate are used in cooperation, and therefore the problem is solved that an existing electric automobile charging pile cannot be convenient to store. The electric automobile charging pile capable ofbeing stored conveniently has the advantage of being convenient to store; the charging pile can be protected when not used and is prevented from being blown by wind and caught in rain for a long term, mosquitoes can be further prevented from entering the charging pile, in this way, the service life of the charging pile is prolonged, meanwhile, the space occupied by the charging pile is reduced, and the electric automobile charging pile is worthy of application and popularization.

The invention discloses a waterproof and lightning-protection distribution box, and relates to the technical field of power distribution equipment. The waterproof and lightning-protection distributionbox comprises a lightning protection box, a waterproof box, a damp-proof mechanism and a lightning protection mechanism; the waterproof box is mounted in the lightning protection box; a sealing dooris arranged on the waterproof box; the sealing door is hinged to the waterproof box; the damp-proof mechanism is arranged on the outer side of a water-proof box body; and the lightning protection mechanism is mounted on the lightning protection box. The waterproof and lightning-protection distribution box has the beneficial effects that the waterproof box and the lightning protection box are arranged; thunder and lightning are guided to the ground through the lightning protection box, so that the waterproof box is prevented from being damaged by lightning stroke; when a small part of accumulated water flows into the lightning protection box, the accumulated water and humid air inside the lightning protection box can be blocked by the waterproof box, so that the moisture is prevented from entering the waterproof box to damage electrical elements in the waterproof box; and when the waterproof box is maintained, the waterproof box can be pulled out of the lightning protection box, so thatmaintenance personnel can conveniently maintain the waterproof and lightning protection distribution box. An insulating layer is arranged outside a conducting rod (4); an insulating plate (403) is arranged on the inner side of the lightning protection box (1); and a guide rail (202) is fixed on the insulating plate (403).

The invention discloses an ubiquitous instrumentation marine cable telescopic charging device. The device comprises a lifting base with a hoistway, and a lifting box body arranged in the hoistway; a lifting hydraulic cylinder is arranged between the lower end of the lifting box body and the bottom of the hoistway; a reel is rotationally connected into the lifting box body; a charging cable is wound on the reel; a cable outlet for extending the charging cable out of the lifting box body is arranged on the side surface of the lifting box body; a driving wheel and a driven wheel are rotationallyconnected into the lifting box corresponding to a cable outlet; the driving wheel is connected with a motor; one end of the charging cable is connected with a power supply device, and the other end ofthe charging cable penetrates through the driving wheel and the driven wheel; and the driving wheel and the driven wheel are pressed on the two sides of the charging cable. The device adopts a lifting mode; and the lifting box body is reduced underground in no use, so that the long-time exposure of the charging device in external environment is prevented, the charging device is excellently protected, and the loss rate and the failure rate of the charging device are reduced.

The invention discloses a solar street lamp convenient to maintain. The solar street lamp comprises a base and a main column arranged on the base, wherein a cavity is formed in the interior of the base; a servo motor is arranged in the cavity; the output end of the servo motor is connected with a worm through a coupler; a screw rod sleeve is arranged in the inner cavity of the main column; a screwrod is arranged in the screw rod sleeve; the screw rod and the screw rod sleeve are connected through threads; a worm wheel meshed with the worm is arranged on the screw rod; the bottom of the lead screw is rotatably mounted at the bottom of the inner cavity of the base; the left side of the lead screw sleeve is fixedly connected with a first support rod; the right side of the lead screw sleeve is fixedly connected with a second support rod; the first support rod is connected with a solar panel frame; and the second support rod is connected with a lamp body. The solar street lamp has the beneficial effects that the solar street lamp is simple in structure and convenient to maintain, parts of the solar street lamp are replaced conveniently, and the safety performance is high.

The invention belongs to roof leakage repairing technology in the field of construction and also relates to roof greening technology. A plant cultivating groove, a root isolation layer, a substrate, an automatic nutrient solution supply device, flowers, plants and the like are arranged at a leakage repairing position (or on a roof). Due to the adoption of the roof greening technology, a leakage repairing and greening position is prevented from being exposed to the sun, wind, rain and ultraviolet irradiation and has very small temperature difference, so that cracks are prevented, and a roof leakage repairing problem is solved completely.

The invention discloses an ecological environment monitoring device, and mainly relates to the field of ecological environment. The device comprises a concentrator, wherein the concentrator is installed in an area covered by a 4G communication network, and the concentrator is internally provided with a first LoRa wireless module and a 4G communication module for data transmission with the 4G communication network; and a plurality of monitors, wherein each monitor comprises a supporting base. A protective cover is arranged at the top of the supporting base; an opening is formed in the top of the protective cover; a cover plate for sealing the opening is arranged at the top of the protective cover; one end of the cover plate is hinged to the protective cover through a hinge shaft; a torsional spring is arranged on the hinge shaft; a monitoring support and a lifting mechanism are arranged in the protective cover; and a storage battery, a second LoRa wireless module, a microcontroller, a dust monitoring probe, a carbon dioxide monitoring probe and a humidity monitoring probe are arranged on the monitoring support. The beneficial effects of the device are that the device can be suitablefor severe weather, can prolong the service life, and reduces the monitoring cost.

The invention discloses a scientific research ship provided with a full-automatic snow removing and deicing system. The scientific research ship comprises a ship body provided with a deck as well as the snow removing and deicing system, wherein the snow removing and deicing system comprises a snow removing and deicing device arranged below the deck and a lifting device used for arranging the snowremoving and deicing device on the deck surface; the snow removing and deicing device comprises a bracket provided with traveling wheels; an ice rotating mechanism, a lifting adjusting mechanism, a broken ice sweeping and blowing mechanism, an ice melting mechanism and a wiping mechanism are arranged on the bracket in the advancing direction of the traveling wheels from front to back sequentially;a controller is also arranged; a detection component used for detecting thickness of ice on the ground is arranged on the bracket in front of the ice rotating mechanism; the controller sends stop signals to the mechanisms respectively after deicing work is finished. The scientific research ship is high in automation degree, manual operation is not needed, and by means of cooperation of signals collected by the detection component and signals of the controller, automatic snow removing and deicing work is realized.

The invention discloses a multi-layer energy saving and environmental protection potted plant maintenance system. The multi-layer energy saving and environmental protection potted plant maintenance system comprises a stabilizing seat, supporting rods, bearing plates and loading cylinders, the middle end of the top of the stabilizing seat is connected with the multiple supporting rods which are connected in an end-to-end mode, the bottoms of the supporting rods are connected with the horizontally-arranged bearing plates, and the loading cylinders are fixedly mounted at the tops of the bearing plates; and net plates are connected into the loading cylinders, mounting grooves are formed between the net plates and the inner walls of the loading cylinders and filled with sponge layers, and innerholes are formed in the middle ends inside the loading cylinders. According to the multi-layer maintenance system, the different numbers of the loading cylinders can be mounted according to differentneeds, the planting height is increased, and the planting height can be adjusted according to the size of plants during using. During planting, maintenance is convenient, time and labor saving is achieved during irrigating, a nutrient solution does not drip, the environmental protection effect is achieved, and the plants can be protected from damage in the growing process.

The invention provides a fast-response fire fighting truck capable of carrying a fire extinguishing robot and an unmanned aerial vehicle simultaneously. The fire fighting truck comprises a front equipment box, an equipment box and a tank body which are arranged in a truck body from front to back, wherein a dry powder system is arranged in the front equipment box, small unmanned aerial vehicles anda large fire extinguishing robot are arranged in the equipment box, a set of fire extinguishing robot getting on turning plate door system is arranged on the two sides of the equipment box, the largefire extinguishing robot extends out of a bin from a side door of the equipment box and automatically gets on and gets off through the fire extinguishing robot getting on turning plate door system, one side of the top of the tank body is provided with a full-automatic water-foam dual-purpose fire monitor, the other side of the tank body is provided with a large unmanned aerial vehicle, the interior of the tank body is filled with foam, the small unmanned aerial vehicles are fixedly arranged at the position through unmanned aerial vehicle fixing devices, unmanned aerial vehicle outlet cabin jacking oil cylinders are connected to the lower sides of unmanned aerial vehicle outlet cabin jacking platforms, a top sliding cabin door is arranged at the top end of the equipment box, and the top sliding cabin door is opened or closed through cooperation between small unmanned aerial vehicle outlet jacking sliding rails and top sliding cabin door tracks.

The invention discloses a novel solar lamp which comprises a photovoltaic power supply, an LED lamp and a transparent lampshade, wherein the photovoltaic power supply comprises a solar panel and rechargeable batteries, the solar panel is mutually electrically connected with the rechargeable batteries, and the LED lamp is connected with the output ends of the rechargeable batteries. The novel solar lamp is characterized in that the photovoltaic power supply is arranged in the transparent lampshade, and the illuminated face of the solar panel is arranged upwards. The invention has the advantages that because the photovoltaic power supply is arranged in the transparent lampshade, namely, the solar panel and the rechargeable batteries of a solar energy power source do not occupy the external sidewall space of the transparent lampshade, so that the appearance of the transparent lampshade is not limited by the solar panel, therefore, the appearance of the novel solar lamp is not limited by the solar panel, and the appearance of the novel solar lamp can be individually designed as required; and meanwhile, the solar energy power source is arranged in the lamp, which can prevent the solar panel from being exposed to wind and rain, and enables the service life of the solar panel to be longer.

The invention discloses a multifunctional chess table for outdoor leisure. The multifunctional chess table for outdoor leisure comprises a supporting post and a table plate; the table plate is mountedabove the supporting post; a cross supporting frame is mounted on the supporting post through a sleeving piece; a stool is arranged on each of the four end points of the cross supporting frame; a positioning plate is arranged on the inner wall on each of two sides of the table plate; a plurality of grooves are formed in each positioning plate; a cylindrical rod body is mounted in each groove; a roller is mounted on each cylindrical rod body; a plurality of chess boards are placed in the cavity which is formed between the lower parts of the positioning plates and the table plate; a strip lampis arranged on the periphery of the inner wall of the table plate; the strip lamp is connected with a light sensor; equipment frames are mounted below four cross bars of the cross supporting frame through sliding rails; a large toothed disc, a flywheel and a chain are mounted in each equipment frame; each large toothed disc is connected with the corresponding flywheel through the chain; pedals aremounted on the two sides of the large toothed disc; a screw locking piece is arranged on each equipment frame. The multifunctional chess table for outdoor leisure has the characteristics that a plurality of types of chess can be selected, the chess boards are not damaged, fitness and entertainment are integrated, and the stability is high.

The invention relates to a solar water heater, in particular to a building solar water heater integral structure. The building solar water heater integral structure comprises heat collection pipes, a water tank and a building body; wherein the heat collection pipes are fixed on the heated chamber of the building body; the heat collection pipes are connected with the water tank through a heat connection tank; the cold water pipe and the hot water pipe of the water tank penetrate a wall and are respectively connected with an indoor water pipe. The building solar water heater integral structure has the advantages and effects that: the heat connection pipes and the water tank are separated, thus being convenient in installation; besides, the heat collection pipes are vacuum, completely made of glass, have no water and have no problems of expansion caused by icing; if one heat connection pipe is damaged, the working of the other heat connection pipes are not affected; a heat conductor is adopted, thus being safe and effective; besides, the water tank can avoid wind blowing and rain drenching; the heat collection pipes on the heated chamber are shipshape and beautiful after permutation, which look like shutters; besides, the externally designed part of air conditioners can be arranged in the heated chamber for leading the surface of the building to be shipshape.

The invention provides a transformer operation monitoring device. The transformer operation monitoring device comprises a transformer, and the upper end of the transformer is provided with a connector. The monitoring assembly used for monitoring operation of the transformer in real time is installed at the bottom of the transformer; the fireproof assembly used for extinguishing fire when the monitoring assembly detects that the transformer has a fire disaster is mounted at the upper end of the transformer, the fireproof assembly comprises a fireproof plate, a fire extinguishing cavity and an electric control spray head, the fireproof plate is fixedly mounted at the upper end of the transformer through a mounting piece, and the fire extinguishing cavity for storing a fire extinguishing material is formed in the fireproof plate; the electric control nozzle is installed on the fireproof plate and communicates with the interior of the fire extinguishing cavity. According to the transformer, the monitoring assembly and the fire extinguishing assembly are installed on the transformer, the running state of the transformer is monitored in real time, meanwhile, a fire source can be extinguished in time, potential safety hazards caused by fire diffusion are prevented, large losses are avoided, and the use safety of the transformer is improved.

The invention discloses a solar LED garden lamp. The solar LED garden lamp comprises a pedestal, a light-transmission lamp shade, a top cover, a solar cell panel, a drive power supply, a storage battery and an LED light source component and is characterized in that the solar cell panel, storage battery and drive power supply are arranged in the top cover, the solar cell panel comprises an upper insulating substrate and a lower insulating substrate, a transparent conductive layer and a film battery plate are arranged between the upper insulating substrate and the lower insulating substrate, a back electrode layer is arranged between the film battery plate and the lower insulating substrate, the LED light source component comprises an aluminum substrate and an LED, a plurality of bowl-shaped grooves are formed in the aluminum substrate, the LED comprises a chip and fluorescent powder, the chip is fixed on an aluminum plate at the bottoms of the bowl-shaped grooves, the fluorescent powder coats the chip, and a copper foil circuit board is connected with the chip through gold wires. The solar LED garden lamp is featured with high solar energy utilization rate, long service life, high light emitting efficiency and the like.

The invention provides a fire fighting truck carrying a fire extinguishing robot and an unmanned aerial vehicle with a protective system at the same time. The fire fighting truck comprises a front equipment box, an equipment box, a tank body and a protective system, wherein the front equipment box, the an equipment box, the tank body and the protective system are arranged in a truck body from front to back; a dry powder system is arranged in the front equipment box; a small unmanned aerial vehicle and a large fire extinguishing robot are arranged in the equipment box, a set of fire extinguishing robot getting on plate door turning systems are arranged on the two side surfaces of the equipment box; a full-automatic dual-purpose water foam fire monitor is arranged on one side of the top of the tank body, and the other side is provided with a large unmanned aerial vehicle, the bottom of the large unmanned aerial vehicle is connected and placed on a large unmanned aerial vehicle platform,and the interior of the tank body is filled with foam; the protective system is additionally arranged on the outer side of the large unmanned aerial vehicle and comprises a protective cover divided into two parts from the middle, a large unmanned aerial vehicle automatic fixing opening and closing device, two protective system sliding rails and a protective system driving device; the fire fightingtruck further comprises an unmanned aerial vehicle jacking mechanism driven by a three-section oil cylinder or air cylinder; and the protective system driving device and the large unmanned aerial vehicle jacking device adopt one of the oil cylinder drive, the air cylinder drive, the electric cylinder drive and the servo motor wheel drive.

The invention, which belongs to the field of the motor technology, relates to a motor protection sleeve. A transparent mirror is arranged at one surface of the protection sleeve; and a hand holding portion is arranged at the upper portion of the protection sleeve. The protection sleeve is in a cuboid shape; and through holes are formed around the protection sleeve. The transparent mirror is also in a cuboid shape; and the bottom of the protection sleeve is hollow. A waterproof coating layer is arranged outside the protection sleeve and contains a waterproof material; the waterproof material includes one or more selected from the group consisting of acrylic polymer, or copolymer and polyolefin polymer, or copolymer, polyurethane, epoxy polymer, and wax.

The invention discloses an intelligent building anti-theft system based on Internet of Things. The intelligent building anti-theft system based on the Internet of Things comprises a wall body, a rotating shaft, an inductor and two fixed blocks, wherein the rotating shaft is rotationally installed on the wall body, wherein a push door for intelligent building theft prevention is fixedly arranged on the rotating shaft, and two rectangular blocks which are symmetrically arranged are fixedly installed at one side of the push door; the wall body is provided with a first installation groove used for installing the inductor, and the inductor is used for controlling whether the push door can rotate or not; and each fixed block is used for limiting rotation of the push door, and a groove used for being connected with the rectangular block is formed in each fixed block. In severe environments such as rainy days, the inductor can be prevented from being damaged by wind and rain, the service life of the inductor is further prolonged, the inductor can play a role in sensing, and safety and theft prevention of a building are facilitated.

The invention relates to the field of express cabinets, and particularly discloses an express storage cabinet. The express storage cabinet comprises a box body and a cabinet body for containing expresses. The box body is arranged under the ground, the bottom wall of the box body is fixedly connected with a strut and a first stepping motor, multiple annular containing layers are rotationally connected to the strut, the containing layers are provided with channels allowing the cabinet body to pass, the outer walls of the containing layers are connected with gear rings, and first openings and second openings are formed in the top walls and the bottom walls of the containing layers respectively. The output end of the first stepping motor is connected with a first gear, and the first gear is engaged with a rack for pushing the cabinet body. A second stepping motor is installed beside each containing layer, the output ends of the second stepping motors are connected with second gears, and the second gears are engaged with the gear rings. A third opening is formed in the top wall of the box body, a scanner is installed on the top of the box body, and the scanner is in signal connection with a controller for controlling the first stepping motor and the second stepping motors. The express storage cabinet aims at reducing the ground space occupied by the express cabinet and increasing the ground planning space.

The invention provides a control room of a track transfer trolley, aims at solving the problem that an existing track transfer platform can not keep out wind and rain for operators, and relates to the field of track transfer platforms. The control room of the track transfer trolley comprises a transfer platform arranged on a track and is characterized in that the closed control room is arranged on the transfer platform. An inspection window is arranged in the middle of one sidewall of the control room. A transparent windshield which can be opened and closed is installed in the inspection window. Compared with the existing track transfer platform, the control room of the track transfer trolley is added with the closed control room. The operators can work in the control room and avoids exposing to wind and rain in heavy weather. Therefore, the control room of the track transfer trolley effectively improves the working environment of the operators.

The invention relates to a safety type hoisting operation room with a folding top cover for a truck with a loading crane. The safety type hoisting operation room with the folding top cover for the truck with the loading crane comprises the hoisting operation room (1) and a hoisting operation device (2), wherein the hoisting operation room (1) is composed of a compartment body (12) and the folding top cover (13); one side of the compartment body (12) is provided with an operation room door (14); and the folding top cover (13) is composed of a plurality of n-shaped frameworks (15) and a soft top cover curtain (16). The safety type hoisting operation room with the folding top cover for the truck with the loading crane further comprises a safety device (3), wherein a safety pedal (31) is arranged at the pedal position of an operator; a gravity safety trigger switch (32) is located below the safety pedal (31) and installed at the bottom of the compartment body (12); and a pressure relief electromagnetic valve is installed on a hoisting hydraulic oil supply pipeline of the truck with the loading crane. By the adoption of the safety type hoisting operation room, the truck with the loading crane cannot be too high, the operator can conveniently sit to observe and operate while sitting, unsafety caused by the fact that the operator stands up to operate can be prevented, and the safety type hoisting operation room with the folding top cover for the truck with the loading crane has the safety protection effect on the operator and operation equipment.

The invention provides a rainproof and windproof isolation switch mechanism convenient for fixation. A vertical rod is provided with a protection body, and an upper part of the protection body is provided with an upper cover. An upper through hole is arranged in the upper cover. The vertical rod successively penetrates through a bottom of the protection body and passes through the upper cover through the upper through hole. A horizontal through hole and an opening and closing door are arranged on a side wall of the protection body. A horizontal rod penetrates through the protection body through the horizontal through hole. An isolation switch is arranged on a bottom plate of the protection body. By using the mechanism, the isolation switch can be installed in the protection body, long-timewind blowing and rain drenching of the isolation switch are avoided, an isolation plate can be used for isolating inter-phase arc discharge, accidents are avoided, and power supply reliability is improved. And a problem that the isolation switch cannot cut off power supply connection due to cracking of the isolation switch made of a porcelain material and insulation degree reduction is avoided.