52results about How to "Large lateral force" patented technology

The invention relates to a push-the-bit fully-rotary guiding tool. The push-the-bit fully-rotary guiding tool comprises a centralizer mechanism, a guiding actuating mechanism and a spline cardan shaft mechanism. The front end of the guiding actuating mechanism is connected with the spline cardan shaft mechanism; the rear end of the guiding actuating mechanism is connected with the centralizer mechanism; and when the rotary guiding tool conducts guiding drilling, a controlling system controls a down-hole motor to enable a specific hole in a big gear to communicate with drilling liquid channels in an upper main body and a lower main body of the guiding mechanism at a specific position so as to adjust an irrotational shell to the position where a needed guiding well deflection and a needed guiding direction are the same, then a drilling tool conducts drilling along the needed well deflection and the needed direction, and a well track is monitored by all while-drilling testing instruments at any time. The push-the-bit fully-rotary guiding tool has the characteristics that the build-up rate is high, application range is wide, and the obtained well track is high in quality.

A magnetic head assembly to record servo signals, that serves for positioning of data recording magnetic heads and data reproducing magnetic heads, on magnetic tapes includes a servo signal recording head of which sliding surface has a magnetic gap embedded thereon in order to record the servo signals onto a magnetic tape and guide blocks which are set adjacent to at least one of the up-stream position or the down-stream position of a line of magnetic tape passing the servo signal recording head and are slightly set back from the sliding surface of the recording head so that said magnetic tape slides an edge of the servo signal recording head and an edge of the guide block.

The invention mainly belongs to the technical field of rotary guide systems, and particularly relates to a full-rotation hydraulic inward-pushing-type high-build-up-rate rotation guide tool. The full-rotation hydraulic inward-pushing-type high-build-up-rate rotation guide tool adopts a hydraulic system driven by a turbine and a generator set to convert the energy of the pressure mud into the hydraulic energy. By adopting the hydraulic system driven by the turbine and the generator set, the power is provided for a piston through the hydraulic mode, so that the lateral force obtained by a drillbit is larger. Meanwhile, the hinged mode is adopted, so that the optimal steering capability is achieved. As a result, the high build-up rate is easier to achieve. The hydraulic piston pushes againstthe inner wall of a lower rotating sleeve instead of the wall of a well, so that the abrasion can be reduced. At the same time, only one set of pushing piston assemblies is pushed out at the same moment, so that the unnecessary work is reduced. The service life of the piston is prolonged.

The invention relates to a split type booster efficient rudder, which divides a rudder blade into an upper part and a lower part by taking the propeller axis as a boundary, wherein the two parts are independent from each other and are in steering control respectively; the shapes and the sizes of the upper rudder blade and the lower blade can be different; the cross sections of the upper rudder blade and the lower blade can be asymmetrical wing sections with cambers; the balance position (maintaining direct route of a ship at the moment of out of steering or being called as amidship) of the upper rudder blade and the lower rudder blade is arranged by deflecting a certain degree toward the rotation direction in a staggered manner to form an X-shaped structure in a horizontal plane according to the rotation direction of a propeller; the upper rudder blade and the lower rudder blade are respectively provided with an upper rudder blade tiller and a lower rudder blade tiller; and the upper rudder blade tiller of the upper rudder blade is a hollow shaft, the lower rudder blade tiller of the lower rudder blade is a solid shaft, and the upper rudder blade tiller is sheathed on the lower rudder blade tiller to form a coaxial mode. When at the balance position, the biggest fluid power can be obtained, and manipulation can be completed by breaking the balance of side force. The invention has the advantages of improving steerability by making full use of the wake flow characteristics of the propeller and having the capability of self boosting, thus being suitable for manipulation of various ships.

A magnetic head assembly to record servo signals, that serves for positing of data recording magnetic heads and data reproducing magnetic heads, on magnetic tapes comprises a servo signal recording head of which sliding surface has a magnetic gap embedded thereon in order to record the servo signals onto a magnetic tape and guide blocks which are set adjacent to at least one of the up-stream position or the down-stream position of a line of magnetic tape passing the servo signal recording head and are slightly set back from said sliding surface of the recording head so that said magnetic tape slides an edge of the servo signal recording head and an edge of the guide block.

The invention relates to a vectored thrust ducted propeller. The vectored thrust ducted propeller comprises a screw propeller and a duct cylinder body, wherein the screw propeller can rotate to generate air currents and the duct cylinder body surrounds the screw propeller; a first rotating piece, a second rotating piece and a blocking piece which are arranged in an air current deflection mechanism are respectively and directly derived from a part of a duct body; a complete duct is jointly formed by the first rotating piece, the second rotating piece, the blocking piece and the duct cylinder body part. Under the driving of a speed reducing motor, a rotation driving shaft is rotated, so that the first rotating piece and the second rotating piece are driven to rotate to expected positions; the blocking piece moves forward and backward along a sliding groove formed in the duct cylinder body to prevent the air currents from flowing out of the right side of the duct, and the blocking piece is matched with the first rotating piece and the second rotating piece so that the air currents can flow out of the remained empty part formed after the first rotating piece is rotated; therefore, the whole system bears lateral force which is reversed to the air currents. According to the vectored thrust ducted propeller disclosed by the invention, the thrust direction of a ducted fan is substantially changed, large enough lateral force is provided for an aircraft to balance the reaction torque of a main rotor, so that the residual thrust in the axial direction of the aircraft is as small as possible, and more suitable for the aircraft of the type to ascend and descend perpendicularly and hang in the air.

In a crawler track comprising at least one guide wheel and caster wheels at a track carrier, at least one driving wheel for the track, and a guide wheel tensioning device including at least one tensioning member which acts on the guide wheel via a tensioning lever supported at the track carrier, the guide wheel is provided in a guide part which is exclusively linearly moveable and is laterally supported in the track carrier with a slide block arranged between the guide part and the tensioning lever, which slide block can slide crosswise and relatively to the linear direction of movement of the guide part while transmitting the tensioning force substantially parallel to the linear direction of movement of the guide part.

A pneumatic tire for a two-wheeled motor vehicle has a tread section (1) including one or more layers of tread rubber (7), a pair of side wall sections (2) extending radially inward so as to continue to opposite sides of the tread section (1), and bead sections (3) continuing to the radially inner peripheral sides of the side wall sections (2). A ground contact region of the tread section (1) is made up of five regions that are a center region (8) including a tire's equatorial plane (E), a pair of shoulder regions (9) including tread's ground contact ends, and a pair of intermediate regions (10) each located between the center region (8) and a shoulder region (9). The 100% modulus at a room temperature (25 DEG C) of intermediate tread rubber (9a) placed in the entire intermediate region (10) is set greater than both the 100% modulus of center tread rubber (7b) placed in the entire center region (8) and the 100% modulus of shoulder tread rubber placed in the entire shoulder regions (9). The negative ratio of the tread's ground contact region is increased from the shoulder regions (9) toward the center region (8). The tire can exhibit excellent wet performance without sacrificing dry performance and always enables stable driving of a two-wheeled motor vehicle.

The invention discloses an offshore transfer trestle with a wave compensation function and a working method thereof. The offshore transfer trestle comprises a heaving mechanism, a trestle system and an active wave compensation control system. According to the invention, the disturbance to the transfer trestle caused by the swaying motion of the two ships can be compensated, even if a freeboard difference exists between the host ship and the target ship, the safe angle between the trestle body and the horizontal plane can still be kept unchanged in the personnel transfer process of the transfer trestle, and the safety and comfort of personnel transfer between the two ships on the sea are improved. After lap joint of the transfer trestle is completed, the front end of the trestle body is fixedly connected with a transfer point, and in the personnel transfer process, the safe angle between the trestle body and the horizontal plane is kept unchanged only by controlling the heaving mechanism. The front end of the trestle body and the transfer point are fixedly connected through the electromagnetic landing cones, an additional mechanical device is not needed for fixing, the trestle body can be rapidly separated from the transfer point in an emergency, emergency lifting is achieved, and safety is improved.

Microperturbation fluidic assembly systems and methods are provided for the fabrication of emissive panels. The method provides an emissive substrate with a top surface patterned to form an array of wells. A liquid suspension is formed over the emissive substrate top surface, comprising a first liquid and emissive elements. Using an array of micropores, a perturbation medium, which optionally includes emissive elements, is injected into the liquid suspension. The perturbation medium may be the first liquid, a second liquid, or a gas. A laminar flow is created in the liquid suspension along the top surface of the emissive substrate in response to the perturbation medium, and emissive elements are captured in the wells. The ejection of the perturbation medium can also be used to control the thickness of the liquid suspension overlying the top surface of the emissive substrate.

The invention discloses a superconducting electric electromagnetic hybrid maglev train, which comprises L-shaped suspension frames and an I-shaped ground rail, and is characterized in that the upper end of each suspension frame is connected with a train body through an air spring; the suspension frames are arranged on the two sides of the ground rail, and the suspension frames and the ground railare arranged at intervals. A plurality of superconducting magnets is arranged at the lower end of each suspension frame. An 8-shaped upper-layer suspension coil and an 8-shaped lower-layer suspensioncoil are arranged at the upper end and the lower end of the ground rail respectively, an upper-layer power generation coil and a lower-layer power generation coil are arranged at the lower end of thesuspension frame, and the upper-layer suspension coil is electrically connected with the lower-layer suspension coil; and a propelling coil is arranged above the upper-layer suspension coil. The invention has the advantages of large operation air gap, self-stabilization, good suspension guiding dynamic performance, better curve passing capacity, higher superconducting magnet magnetic field utilization rate and lower track construction cost.

The invention discloses a magneto-rheological damping suspension and a measurement and control method thereof, and relates to the technical field of electric vehicles. The magneto-rheological dampingsuspension comprises a frame for connection, wherein hub motor tires are arranged on two sides of the frame and connected with the frame through magneto-rheological damping shock absorbers. The magneto-rheological damping shock absorbers are arranged, damping provided by the magneto-rheological damping shock absorbers is adjusted in real time through an electronic control unit, the damping changerequirements under various vehicle driving conditions can be met, a vehicle is prevented from bearing strong vibration impact in the driving process, and the comfort of passengers is improved; the magneto-rheological damping shock absorbers are connected with a stator bracket, large transverse force can be borne while vertical vibration of a vehicle body is reduced, and the structure is more compact. The hub motors are adopted to drive the vehicle, electric energy required for controlling the magneto-rheological damping shock absorbers and electric energy for driving the hub motors can be provided by the same vehicle-mounted power supply, an energy supply structure does not need to be additionally arranged, the weight of the vehicle body is reduced, and then energy consumption is reduced.

The invention discloses a surfing cleaning type reverse natural circulation evaporator, which is composed of a surfing head, a conical compression spring, a cleaning screw and a nozzle seat to form an automatic cleaning mechanism. The surf head is the power head of this self-cleaning mechanism, effectively utilizing the powerful power provided by the surf current at the top. The cleaning spiral is not only a convective heat transfer enhancement element, but also an automatic cleaning element. During production and operation, the surfing head drives the cleaning screw to produce 6-15 times per minute of large reciprocating motion of 30-60mm up and down and low-speed rotation motion to clean the crystallized salt scale on the inner wall of the heating tube evenly and effectively, so as to achieve stability and high efficiency The purpose of long-term continuous production and significant increase in production and energy saving.

The invention discloses a hoisting inclined wedge with a detachable stop block. The hoisting inclined wedge comprises a base assembly, a sliding block assembly and a driving assembly; the base assembly comprises a base and a limiting side plate, a sliding groove is formed in the base, the stop block is detachably arranged at the open end of the sliding groove, and a buffer is arranged on the stopblock; the sliding block assembly comprises a sliding block and a spring; sliding guide structures are arranged between the top face of the sliding block and the bottom face of the sliding groove andbetween the two side faces and the two side faces of the sliding groove; the stop block is provided with a stop boss and a nut seat, and the nut seat is fixed on the base through a screw; the stop boss is arranged at the upper part of the stop block, is mounted in a groove in the base in a matched manner, and can bear component force in the horizontal or vertical direction; and the driving assembly comprises a driving block, and the sliding block and the driving block are guided through a first V-shaped guide plate and a second V-shaped guide plate. The hoisting inclined wedge has the advantages of being convenient to disassemble and assemble, capable of bearing large impact force and lateral force and the like.

Tyre (1) having a tread (2) comprising a central portion (L1) located across an equatorial plane (X-X), a first shoulder portion (L2) located towards an outer side of the tyre and a second shoulder portion (L3) located towards an inner side of the tyre, the central portion (L1) being separated from the first shoulder portion by two first circumferential grooves (3, 6), wherein - the said first shoulder portion (L2) and said second shoulder portion (L3) comprise a plurality of first transverse grooves (56, 66) having a first end located substantially at the respective edge of the tread (2), having a width greater than or equal to about 4 mm and an axial extension equal to at least 50% of the width of the shoulder portion in which they are located; - the number of said first transverse grooves (56, 66) of the first shoulder portion (L2) is lower than the number of said first transverse grooves of the second shoulder portion (L3); - the central portion (L1) comprises at least one circumferential rib (9, 10, 11), comprising a plurality of second transverse grooves (16, 17, 18); and - the second transverse grooves (16, 17, 18) have a maximum width smaller than or equal to about 3mm and define in said at least one circumferential rib (9, 10, 11) a void-to-rubber ratio smaller than or equal to about 0.06.

The invention provides a push shovel and a garbage truck provided with the push shovel. The push shovel is arranged in a carriage of the garbage truck and comprises a push shovel body, wherein the push shovel body comprises a bracket and an inclined face plate arranged on the bracket, wherein the bracket comprises a horizontal support part and a longitudinal support part which are vertically connected with each other. The push shovel is characterized in that the inclined face plate comprises a first support plate and a second support plate which are connected with each other and form an included angle; a connecting line between the first support plate and the second support plate is parallel to that between the horizontal support part and the longitudinal support part; and the tip of the included angle points to the corner part formed by the horizontal support part and the longitudinal support part. According to the push shovel, the included angle between the support plate close to the tip of the push shovel and the horizontal plane is reduced, so that the stress structure of the push shovel is effectively improved, and the garbage is more easily pushed out from the carriage of the garbage truck by the push shovel.

The invention discloses a retractable skid type landing device with auxiliary wheels and suitable for a narrow space. The landing device is divided into a skid retracting and releasing module and an auxiliary wheel retracting and releasing module. The skid retracting and releasing module comprises a skid retracting and releasing actuating cylinder, a main buffer, a first side supporting rod, a second side supporting rod, an upper torsion arm, a lower torsion arm, a skid and a pitching buffer. The auxiliary wheel retracting and releasing module comprises first to eighth auxiliary wheels, firstto fourth connecting rods, first to second connecting shafts, first to second bearings, first to second connecting shaft lifting actuating cylinders, first to fourth steel ropes, first to fourth fixedpulleys, first to fourth auxiliary wheel retracting and releasing actuating cylinders and a bracket. A plurality of small auxiliary wheels are added to improve the landing device of the deviation rectifying lateral force, so that the ground sliding deviation rectifying capability of an aircraft is improved; and compared with an original skid landing device, the device of the invention has the following advantage: the occupied space of a vehicle body is not greatly increased.

The invention relates to a four-rotor aircraft and a control system thereof. The four-rotor aircraft comprises a rack, a first shaft, a second shaft, a third shaft, a fourth shaft, a first rotor, a second rotor, a third rotor, a fourth rotor, a first rotor shaft, a second rotor shaft, a third rotor shaft and a fourth rotor shaft. The first rotor shaft deflects in the axial direction of the first shaft, the second rotor shaft deflects in the axial direction of the second shaft, the third rotor shaft deflects in the direction of the third shaft, and the fourth rotor shaft deflects in the axial direction of the fourth shaft. The flying direction of the aircraft can be changed by adjusting the deflecting angles of the rotor shafts, and therefore the flying direction of the aircraft can be controlled conveniently.

The invention relates to a fishing tackle, in particular to a vertical curved cutwater board, which comprises a baffle board, an upper scupper board, a lower scupper board, a connection board and a netting gear connection board. The cutwater board is characterized in that the baffle board is arc-shaped, the straight edge of the baffle board is connected with the connection board through a U-shaped connection piece and the arc edge of the baffle board is connected with the arc shaped upper and lower scupper boards. The surface area of the lower baffle board is larger than that of the upper baffle board. The included angle between the baffle board and the upper and the lower scupper boards is larger than 90 DEG. The cutwater board is designed from a viewpoint of hydrodynamics, which changes the surface structure and shape of the cutwater board, increases the water flow impulsive force of the cutwater board and fully achieves the horizontal expansion of the netting gear and the multi-layer fishing. The cutwater board has the advantages of high expansion capacity, great stability without tending to side turning, easy operation, long service life, good application effect and, etc.

The invention relates to a fruit picking device. The fruit picking device is characterized by comprising a collecting trolley, a picking mechanism, a telescopic mechanism and a conveying mechanism, wherein a front wheel of the collecting trolley is driven by a motor and rotates in combination with a universal wheel to achieve a motion function, and the interior of the collecting trolley can be fixedly connected with a collecting device to achieve a fruit collecting function; the picking mechanism mainly drives a cutter to move through a reverse four-connecting-rod mechanism, cuts off fruit stems or is rotatably matched with an inner bucket to twist off the fruit stems, so that a picking function is achieved; the telescopic mechanism mainly comprises a screw rod and a pulley block, and thetelescopic function of a telescopic arm is achieved through synchronous working of the screw rod and the pulley block; the conveying mechanism mainly achieves a low-speed fruit conveying function through an elastic pipeline provided with a speed reducing piece, the fruits cause the speed reducing piece to bend through self gravity, gravitational potential energy is consumed, and the purpose of speed reduction is achieved. According to the invention, the function of mechanized and automatic fruit picking can be achieved, the labor intensity and risk of fruit growers can be effectively reduced,and the fruit picking efficiency can be improved.

The invention discloses a two-cylinder damper with a double-guide supporting device, which comprises an oil storage cylinder, a working cylinder and the double-guide supporting device. The working cylinder is arranged in the oil storage cylinder, a compression valve is arranged on the bottom surface of the working cylinder, a piston rod moving axially is arranged in the working cylinder, a piston valve is arranged on the piston rod, the working cylinder is divided into an upper cavity and a lower cavity by the piston valve, and a sealing device is arranged between the piston rod and the oil storage cylinder. The double-guide supporting device comprises an upper guider, a lower guider and a supporting sleeve ring. The two-cylinder damper has the advantages that since the two-cylinder damper is provided with the double-guide supporting device, bending resistance of the piston rod is improved, stability of vehicles during turning can be improved, the piston rod can bear larger yawing force transmitted to the damper during turning of the vehicles, and accordingly the service life of the damper is prolonged greatly and riding comfortability is improved.

The invention discloses a vehicle stand test system and method. The test system comprises excitation mechanisms and bearing mechanisms; each excitation mechanism comprises an actuator; and one end ofeach bearing mechanism is connected with an output shaft of the corresponding actuator, and the other end of the bearing mechanism bears a tyre of a vehicle to be tested, so as to transmit verticallyupward excitation generated by the actuator to the vehicle to be tested. The bearing mechanism comprises a supporting plate, the supporting plate comprises a tyre bearing part arranged horizontally and a tyre resetting part expanded outwardly, the tyre bearing part includes a flat and straight bearing surface which can place the tyre smoothly, and the tyre resetting part includes a resetting surface arranged inclinedly. The surface of the resetting surface is smooth, and is in smooth transitional connection with the bearing surface to form a groove which can reset the tyre after movement. Thus, the tyres are worn by the supporting plates less in the movement process, wearing in the side surfaces of the tyres can be reduced, the risk of tyre damage is eliminated, the test process is safer,and the total test period is shortened.

Disclosed is a rotation guidance apparatus belonging to the technical field of oil drilling equipment. An end part of a lower connector (3) has a ball-socketed ball-joint rod (12), and a drill bit (1) is connected to the ball-socketed ball-joint rod (12); several circumferentially and evenly distributed piston holes are provided in a side wall of the lower connector (3), a piston matches each piston hole, and a piston rod (11) connected to the piston is movably connected to the ball-socketed ball-joint rod (12); and a eccentrically-placed valve core (17) is connected to a controller provided in an upper connector (4), a working face of the eccentrically-placed valve core (17) is opposite to the piston holes, and rotation of the eccentrically-placed valve core (17) makes the pistons in the piston holes move to control the rotation guidance of the ball-socketed ball-joint rod (12).

A wrapping device includes a base body which is connected with support elements and a holding arm. The holding arm has rotatably connected thereto a wrapping arm. The wrapping arm carries a roll holder. At the roll holders a rotatably supported film roll is arranged for being displaced in a predetermined direction for wrapping up objects arranged on a pallet. For transporting the wrapping device, the support elements serve as fastening elements and are of hollow configuration such that support elements of a lift truck can be inserted therein.

The invention belongs to the field of bridge erection, particularly relating to a small-curve bridge erecting machine for bridge erection for railways. The bridge erecting machine for bridge erection comprises a girder assembly, a cantilever beam arranged on the front end of the girder assembly and a lower guide beam assembly arranged on the lower part of the girder assembly, wherein an assistant trolley is arranged on the cantilever beam; the front end of the girder assembly is provided with a front landing leg assembly, an assistant landing leg is arranged between the girder assembly and the lower guide beam assembly, the rear part of the girder assembly is provided with a rear landing leg assembly, and the upper part of the girder assembly is provided with a hoisting trolley and a winch connected with the hoisting trolley. The invention has high bridge erection efficiency and high hole passing speed; low guide beam causes that the guide beam can bear bigger yawing force to ensure that the bridge erecting machine is safer to pass through the hole; large assistant crown block shift amount can erect the beam with smaller curvature radius; a rear landing leg running slide plate can reduce bridge erecting machine running resistance and prevent the running mechanism from being damaged.

The invention discloses a well repair working platform which comprises a platform body. The platform body is provided with a pipe column operation port. The pipe column operation port is communicated with a connecting pipe. The connecting pipe is arranged on the platform body in a movably connected mode through a spherical hinge mechanism, so that flexible connection between the platform body and the connecting pipe is realized. When top-exceeding support or ground subsidence or other phenomena happen to the platform body, the platform body will do rotational motion relative to the connecting pipe without increasing lateral force on the connecting pipe, and therefore the connecting pipe, a blowout preventer and the like will not be damaged.

A retaining device which can be fitted in a vehicle interior, in particular as part of a storage system. The retaining device contains at least one retaining strut with a length-adjustable rod structure and two plate-like supporting elements attached to the end sides thereof. The supporting elements can be fixed to the vehicle walls by a respective adhesive fastening device. This results in a secure support for the retaining struts without it being necessary to brace the retaining struts fixedly between the vehicle walls.

The invention mainly belongs to the technical field of rotary guide systems, and particularly relates to a full-rotation hydraulic inward-pushing-type high-build-up-rate rotation guide tool. The full-rotation hydraulic inward-pushing-type high-build-up-rate rotation guide tool adopts a hydraulic system driven by a turbine and a generator set to convert the energy of the pressure mud into the hydraulic energy. By adopting the hydraulic system driven by the turbine and the generator set, the power is provided for a piston through the hydraulic mode, so that the lateral force obtained by a drillbit is larger. Meanwhile, the hinged mode is adopted, so that the optimal steering capability is achieved. As a result, the high build-up rate is easier to achieve. The hydraulic piston pushes againstthe inner wall of a lower rotating sleeve instead of the wall of a well, so that the abrasion can be reduced. At the same time, only one set of pushing piston assemblies is pushed out at the same moment, so that the unnecessary work is reduced. The service life of the piston is prolonged.

The invention discloses a band-type automatic net-changing device and a drip irrigation zone producing method using the band-type automatic net-changing device. The device comprises a net-changing plate and a fixed plate, wherein the net-changing plate and the fixed plate are connected in a movable mode, a sealing channel used for bands to pass is formed at the connecting position, a heating device and a cooling device are arranged on the net-changing plate and the fixed plate, a pressure sensor is arranged on the net-changing plate, a discharging channel is arranged on the fixed plate and is communicated with the sealing channel, a multi-hole plate is arranged at an outlet of the discharging channel, a die is connected with the fixed plate, a feeding channel is arranged on the net-changing plate, is communicated with the sealing channel and produces a lateral component force along the direction of the sealing channel, and the sealing channel is a wedge-shaped cavity along the central line of the feeding channel and becoming from shallow to deep outward. When melting materials enter the feeding channel of the net-changing plate through an extruding machine, a generation line of the side wall of the channel is vertical to a circular plane, and the side wall of the channel stops expansion of melting bodies and enables part of the melting materials to move fast along the expanding channel and enter the sealing channel. When impurities of the sealing channel are few and pressure of the melting bodies is small, the cooling device opens and lowers temperature of the front end of the melting materials to enable the front end of the melting materials to solidify, the melting materials enter the discharging channel through the bands and the multi-hole plate, the discharging channel and the die are communicated, and the materials are sent to the die to be shaped.