The invention provides a device for cleaning dirt on the surface layer of a high-tension transmission line. The device includes a dust removal base, a suspension mechanism arranged on the dust removalbase, a moving mechanism arranged on the dust removal base, an auxiliary support mechanism arranged on the dust removal base, a dust removal mechanism, a collection mechanism, and a control mechanism, wherein the dust removal mechanism and the collection mechanism are arranged on the dust removal base, and the control mechanism is arranged on the dust removal base and used for coordinated controlof the suspension mechanism, the moving mechanism, the auxiliary support mechanism and the dust removal mechanism. The device can carry out large-scale ash removal operation on the transmission line,the dust removal effect is better, workers do not need to climb up and down, the safety is high, the dust removal operation is achieved by taking power from the line, and the device is light, long inservice life, low in cost and use cost, and very good in effect.