The invention relates to a rope climbing robot. An inner cylinder wall is arranged in an outer cylinder wall, electric motors are symmetrically arranged between the outer cylinder wall and the inner cylinder wall, gears are symmetrically arranged between the outer cylinder wall and the inner cylinder wall, holes matched with the gears are symmetrically formed in the inner cylinder wall, the gearsare connected with transmission wheels B through transmission shafts, bearings A are arranged between the gears and the transmission wheels B, brackets are arranged in the outer cylinder wall, the brackets are located on the both sides of the transmission shafts, hydraulic cylinders are symmetrically arranged in the outer cylinder wall, the hydraulic cylinders are located between the brackets, oneends of the hydraulic cylinders are connected with the bearings A, the other ends of the hydraulic cylinders are connected with the outer cylinder wall, transmission wheels A are arranged on the rotating shafts of the electric motors, the transmission wheels A and the transmission wheels B are driven by transmission belts, a battery is arranged on the outer side of the outer cylinder wall, reinforcing columns are symmetrically arranged on the outer side of the outer cylinder wall, a controller is arranged on one side of the reinforcing columns, bearings B are arranged at the bottoms of the reinforcing columns, the lower ends of the bearings B are connected with hooks, and a rope penetrates through the inner cylinder wall. The rope climbing robot has the beneficial effects that the operation is convenient, and the problem of time-consumption and labor-consumption for transporting heavy objects at high altitude is solved.