The invention provides a photovoltaic power station three-period energy management method based on time-of-use power prices and load characteristics. The method comprises dividing a day according to aphotovoltaic output, time-of-use power price information, and load distribution, wherein since the time-of-use power prices generally correspond to the peak and valley periods of the loads, one day is divided into three periods based on the photovoltaic output and the load characteristics, wherein t1-t2 is a photovoltaic output period, t2-t3 is an evening peak period without photovoltaic output,and t3-t4 is a valley period without photovoltaic output, the t1, t2, t3, and t4 correspond to 06:00, 18:00, 24:00, and 06:00 of the next day respectively; according to the real-time energy managementrequirement of a charging station, setting 1440 management cycle a day, wherein each duration of each cycle is 1 min. The method dynamically optimizes and distributes the power of the charging station, does not rely on predictive data, consumes local photovoltaic output while managing the orderly charging of electric vehicles in the station, and reduces the peak-to-valley difference of a power grid.