The invention relates to a pneumatic variable pitch brake system of a wind power generator. Fan blades are rotatablely installed on a wheel hub of the wind power generator by a fan blade shaft, the wheel hub is connected with a rotor shaft, one side of the rotor shaft is provided with a disc type brake, the pneumatic variable pitch brake system is arranged at the front end of the wheel hub, and comprises a synchronous disc drive mechanism, a synchronous disc and a variable pitch connecting tumbler connected with the synchronous disc, and the variable pitch connecting tumbler is connected with the fan blade shaft of the fan blades, to drive fan blade variable pitch to be braked. The pneumatic variable pitch brake system is quick in reaction and is suitable for severe environments, is hardly influenced by environment, can be used in moist, dusty, vibratory and over-cold and over-hot environments, furthermore, a drive mechanism is simple in drive, and direct in driving force, so that the failure rate is greatly reduced, and power generation security of the wind power generator is guaranteed. When the pneumatic variable pitch brake system is aerated, the wind power generator normally works, and when the pneumatic variable pitch brake system is deflated, the wind power generator is braked or the variable pitch is performed, so that the wind power generator can be controlled without the sudden interruption or deflation, the variable pitch brake system can be manfully controlled or automatically controlled by a programmable logic controller (PLC), and the manual control is matched with the automatic control, and therefore, the wind power generator is safe and stable to work.