The invention relates to a thyroid frozen section diagnosis method, and the method is suitable for a thyroid frozen section diagnosis system. The method comprises the following steps that S10, a microscope camera acquires a pathological image of a thyroid frozen section under a microscope and sends the pathological image to a processor; S20, the processor preprocesses the pathological image, so that the HSV color space of the pathological image is consistent with a set threshold value; S30, the processor detects the preprocessed pathological image, determines the range of the tumor area, outputs the pathological image marked with the range of the tumor area, or judges the yin and yang of the tumor in the pathological image, and outputs the pathological image marked with the negative and positive of the tumor; S40, the display receives and displays the marked pathological image from the processor. According to the detection method provided by the invention, the expenditure of a high scanner is saved, the diagnosis time in thyroid surgery is shortened, the surgery time is shortened, and the convenience is brought to rapid and accurate treatment.