The invention relates to a PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) primer group, a fluorescence quantitative PCR detection chip and a detection method for analyzing the associated gene expression state of T2DM (Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus) for human and Cynomolgus monkeys simultaneously. The T2DM detection primer group for human and monkeys comprises amplification primer pairs respectively for amplifying T2DM disease associated protein genes as follows: ACE, ACLY, G6PD, GSK3B, HMOX1, IDE, PRKCB1, PYGL, AQP, CCR2B, CEACAM1, CTLA4, GCGR, ICAM1, NSF, RAB4A, SELL, SNAP23B, STX4, STXBP2, TNFRSF1A, VAMP3, VAPA, IFNG, INS, TGFB1, TNFA, IGFBP5, INPPL1, PIK3C2B, PIK3R1, IKBA, NEUROD1, NFKB1, PPARGC1A and AGT, and the sequences of the gene amplification primer pairs are nucleotide sequences respectively shown as SEQ ID NO: 1-72. The invention also provides the fluorescence quantitative PCR detection chip and the detection method comprising the PCR primer group. The invention has the beneficial effects of performing accurate quantification and detection on T2DM disease associated genes for human and monkeys simultaneously, thus having far reaching importance for promoting fundamental research, preventive detection and clinical treatment of diabetes.