122 results about "Fatty acid metabolism" patented technology

Systems and methods for treating inflammatory and proliferative diseases, and wounds, using as a pharmacon a fatty acid metabolism inhibitor, a glycolytic inhibitor, and/or an agent able to alter cellular production of reactive oxygen, or combination thereof, optionally in combination with one or more chemotherpeutic agents. In preferred embodiments, the invention combines an oxirane carboxylic acid, represented by etomoxir, with a 2-deoxyglucose compound, represented by 2-deoxy-D-glucose, and/or an antibody against UCP and/or Fas antigen. The systems and methods of the invention can be used to treat drug-resistant or multi-drug resistant cancers.

Provided herein are methods for determining the metabolism of one or more sugars and/or fatty acids, and applications thereof. Such applications include determining the rate of glycogen synthesis and glycolysis, which are believed to be early markers for predicting elevated risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Other applications include methods for screening drugs that effect sugar and/or fatty acid metabolism. The methods are useful for at least partially characterizing drugs for desirable or undesirable (toxic) characteristics. Drugs that are at least partially characterized using the methods of the invention can then be further developed in pre-clinical testing and clinical trials. Such drugs may be found to be useful in treating obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and other disorders of metabolism.

This invention discloses methods of using krill oil and compositions comprising krill oil to treat risk factors for metabolic, cardiovascular, and inflammatory disorders. The present invention also relates to methods of using compositions comprising krill oil to modulate biological processes selected from the group consisting of glucose metabolism, lipid biosynthesis, fatty acid metabolism, cholesterol biosynthesis, and the mitochondrial respiratory chain. The present invention further includes pharmaceutical and/or nutraceutical formulations made from krill oil, methods of making such formulations, and methods of administering them to treat risk factors for metabolic, cardiovascular, and inflammatory disorders.

The present invention concerns a new method for the biological preparation of a diol comprising culturing a microorganism genetically modified for the bioproduction of an aliphatic diol, wherein the microorganism comprises a metabolic pathway for the decarboxylation of a hydroxy-2-keto-aliphatic acid metabolite with an enzyme having a 2-keto acid decarboxylase activity, the product obtained from said decarboxylation step being further reduced into the corresponding aliphatic diol, and wherein the microorganism is genetically modified for the improved production of said hydroxy-2-keto-aliphatic acid metabolite.

The invention also concerns a modified microorganism for the production of an aliphatic diol.

Methods, pharmaceutical, dietary supplement, and nutraceutical compositions, and compounds for reducing body weight, modulating body lipid metabolism, and reducing food intake in mammals are provided. The compounds of the invention include fatty acid ethanolamide compounds, homologues and analogs of which the prototype is the endogenous fatty acid ethanolamide, oleoylethanolamide.

Microorganisms for the production of high-value chemicals from free fatty acids are provided. The microorganisms comprise genetic mutations that alter fatty acid metabolism. The genetic mutations include a mutation or deletion of a fadR gene in which the FadR enzyme activity is partially or substantially eliminated and a mutation in an atoC gene that provides overexpression of the microorganism's ato operon. Methods of using the microorganisms to produce high-value chemicals are also provided. The high-value chemicals include ethanol, methyl acetate, succinate, gamma-butyrolactone, 1,4-butanediol, acetone, iso-propanol, butyrate, butanol, mevalonate, propionate, ethanolamine and 1,2-propanediol.

This invention discloses a transcription factor and its coding gene and its application which regulating plant fatty acid metabolism. The purpose is to provide a transcription factor and its coding gene and its application in regulating plant fatty acid metabolism. The transcription factor is one of the following amino acid residue series. 1) SEQ ID NO1 in series table. 2) One to ten amino acid residue of SEQ ID NO:1 is displaced, absence or added to protein that can control plant fatty acid metabolism.

Provided are a glyceride oil composition derived from a fish oil and a preparation method thereof. The composition includes docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) with a content of 45 to 95% by weight and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) with a content of 0.001 to 13% by weight among constituent fatty acids, and a saturated fatty acid having 16 to 18 carbon atoms, which is bonded at 1- and 3-positions, with a content of 0.001 to 5% by weight among constituent fatty acids, in which a weight ratio of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)/docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) is 0.5 to 8 and a weight ratio of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)/eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) is 3.5 to 15. The glyceride oil composition derived from fish oil has nutritional and physiological superiority due to containing a great amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids such as DHA and DPA in a form of glyceride, and can minimize disadvantages of EPA such as inhibition of ω-6 fatty acid metabolism by containing a low amount of EPA. The glyceride oil composition is excellent in digestion and absorption of polyunsaturated fatty acids into a human body by containing a low amount of saturated fatty acids at 1- and 3-positions and process characteristics such as an oxidation stability and water-dispersibility.

The present invention describes the identification and isolation of chromones and novel chromone compositions from plant sources that exhibit up-regulation of adiponectin production by adipocytes and the normalization of virtually hundreds of genes related to glucose and fatty acid metabolic and signaling pathways. The chromone compositions are effective in enhancing adiponectin production by adipocytes and regulating genes involved in fatty acid biosynthesis, mitochondrial β-oxidation of fatty acids, steroid biosynthesis, gluconeogenesis, fat transport, PPARα/RXRα liver signaling and xenobiotic metabolism. The chromone compositions can be used to increase insulin sensitivity, improve glucose tolerance, lower triglyceride levels and balance glucose levels in mammals. Included in the present invention are methods for the prevention and treatment of a variety of diseases and conditions including, but not limited to insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, hyperglycemia, metabolic syndromes, dyslipidemia, and hypertriglyceridemia.

The invention generally relates to systems and methods for treating inflammatory and proliferative diseases, enabling treatment of MDR tumor cells by using a bifunctional compound that inhibits both fatty acid metabolism and glycolysis. Thus, the invention links a fatty acid metabolism inhibitor to a glycolysis inhibitor. More particularly, the invention provides novel bifunctional compounds that link a moiety having the functionality of an oxirane carboxylic acid compound to a moiety having the functionality a glucose derivative. In specific embodiments, the invention provides a bifunctional compound that links a moiety having the functionality of etomoxir to a moiety having the functionality of 2-deoxy-D-glucose.

The invention discloses a spinosad high-yield gene engineering bacterium. The preservation number of the gene engineering bacterium is CGMCC No. 14193. The invention further discloses a method by enhancing a fatty acid metabolism pathway to construct the spinosad high-yield gene engineering bacterium and application of the engineering bacterium to produce spinosad. According to the construction method, by conducting expression enhancement on the oxidation pathway of fatty acid Beta of saccharopolyspora spinosa, supply for the spinosad to biosynthesize the important precursor of acetyl coenzyme A is improved, and compared with original strains, the yield of the spinosad of obtained gene engineering strains is improved obviously.

Fatty acid analogue (FAA) molecules comprising positron-emitting radionuclides, salts thereof, and FAA-triglycerides are disclosed. Also disclosed are methods of synthesis, and methods of imaging distribution and metabolism of fatty acids and fatty acid triglycerides.

The present inventors focused on certain nutritional compositions known to have activity of controlling blood glucose levels. These foods were administered to rats for long periods, and real-time PCR was used to analyze the expression of genes associated with lipid metabolism in the liver and adipose tissues. As a result, the present inventors found that the expression of the PPARα gene is enhanced by these foods, and that this is accompanied by suppressed expression of fatty acid synthase and enhanced expression of a group of PPARα target genes associated with fatty acid metabolism. The present inventors also confirmed the effect of these foods in enhancing the expression of PPARγ and adiponectin, and discovered that these foods have the activity of enhancing the production of PPAR and PPAR-associated factors.

The invention provides a method for detecting a special growth and development law of muscles of Jingning chicken. The Jingning chicken are unique and peculiar local chicken of the Gansu province, are fresh and tender in texture and unique in flavor, and have good public praise, however, the Jingning chicken are endangered, and the prospect is grim. In the method for detecting the special growth and development law of the muscles of the Jingning chicken, chick embryos of the Jingning chicken are researched, and special meat quality trait controlling genes such as growth and development gap-associated proteins: CECR2 (cat eye syndrome chromosome region) and IGF-1 (insulinlike growth factor-1), fatty acid metabolism gap-associated proteins: Ex-FABP (fatty acid-binding protein) and LPL (lipoprotein lipase) and protein degradation gap-associated proteins: CAST and CAPN1 are selected. Protein expression distribution and change of expression level of proteins in posterior limb buds and body segments in a chick embryo development HH19-31 period are detected by using methods of immunohistochemistry and Western blotting and the like, and the Jingning chicken are compared to white feather broilers, yellow feather broilers and hyline brown chicken. By the method for detecting the special growth and development law of the muscles of the Jingning chicken, the relation of growth and development regulatory functional genes, growth performance and meat quality is discussed, and data are provided for establishing target genes of transgenic chicken. Moreover, the resource superiority can be widely developed and used, and new vitality is injected to development of local economy.