The invention discloses on-line detection equipment and an on-line detection method for a fly-by-wire flight control system, and belongs to the field of aeronautical engineering testing. The on-line detection equipment is characterized by consisting of a signal transmission and disconnection device and flight testing interface equipment, wherein the signal transmission disconnection device is used for completing transmission and disconnection of related crosslinking signals of a fly-by-wire flight control computer; the signal transmission disconnection device is of a modular combined structure and consists of a plurality of unit modules which are relatively independent in structure and relatively complete in function; each independent unit module can complete transmission and disconnection of similar or approximate signals; the flight testing interface equipment consists of an operation controller, a flight testing data bus interface plate, an onboard data bus interface plate, an analog quantity signal interface plate, a switching value signal interface plate, a digital value signal interface plate, a tester bus or a computer bus and detection application software, and is used for extracting, analyzing and displaying and output parameter information of the fly-by-wire flight control computer in various tests on the fly-by-wire flight control computer or the fly-by-wire flight control system.