32 results about "Inhibitory neuron" patented technology

Apparatus and methods for detecting salient features. In one implementation, an image processing apparatus utilizes latency coding and a spiking neuron network to encode image brightness into spike latency. The spike latency is compared to a saliency window in order to detect early responding neurons. Salient features of the image are associated with the early responding neurons. A dedicated inhibitory neuron receives salient feature indication and provides inhibitory signal to the remaining neurons within the network. The inhibition signal reduces probability of responses by the remaining neurons thereby facilitating salient feature detection within the image by the network. Salient feature detection can be used for example for image compression, background removal and content distribution.

Apparatus and methods for contrast enhancement and feature identification. In one implementation, an image processing apparatus utilizes latency coding and a spiking neuron network to encode image brightness into spike latency. The spike latency is compared to a saliency window in order to detect early responding neurons. Salient features of the image are associated with the early responding neurons. An inhibitory neuron receives salient feature indication and provides inhibitory signal to the other neurons within an area of influence of the inhibitory neuron. The inhibition signal reduces probability of responses by the other neurons to stimulus that is proximate to the feature thereby increasing contrast within the encoded data. The contrast enhancement may facilitate feature identification within the image. Feature detection may be used for example for image compression, background removal and content distribution.

A spiking neural network in which communication and computation is performed on data represented as points in actual time. Such neural networks provide new ways of performing computation in human-engineered computing systems that employ the same basic paradigm as the mammalian neocortex. Information is encoded based on the relative timing of individual voltage spikes produced, consumed, and computed upon by groups of neurons. Component and interconnection delays are an integral part of the computation process. Multi-connection paths between pairs of neurons are modeled as a single compound path. Multi-layer networks are trained from the input layer proceeding one layer at a time to the output layer. Training involves a computation that is local to each synapse, and synaptic weights are determined by an averaging method. The action of inhibitory neurons is modeled as a bulk process, rather than with individual neurons.

Provided herein are compositions comprising light-activated chimeric proteins expressed on plasma membranes and methods of using the same to selectively depolarize excitatory or inhibitory neurons.

The invention discloses a neuron oscillator, namely a Lee-oscillator. The Lee-oscillator comprises excitation neurons and inhibitory neurons. The excitation neurons are used for receiving inhibitory signals from the inhibitory neurons. The inhibitory neurons are used for receiving excitation signals from the excitation neurons. Excitation self-feedback respectively exists in the excitation neurons and the inhibitory neurons. The Lee-oscillator further comprises input neurons and output neurons. The output neurons are used for receiving excitation signals from the input neurons, the excitation signals from the excitation neurons and the inhibitory signals from the inhibitory neurons. The input neurons and the excitation neurons are respectively used for receiving stimulation of external input. The Lee-oscillator has continuity of neural dynamics and provides actual gradual changing from chaotic dynamics to non-chaotic dynamics. Additionally provided is an instant chaotic self-associative network based on the Lee-oscillator.

The present disclosure provides a method of directly converting a stem cell into a lineage specific cell, comprising the steps of a) transfecting a stem cell with at least one expression vector comprising i) one or more cell lineage reprogramming factors operably linked to an inducible promoter and ii) a selection marker; and b) inducing the transfected stem cell from stem a) with an inducing agent to directly convert said stem cell into a lineage-specific cell. Particularly exemplified are methods of transfecting a stem cell with SA-ASCL1 (phospho-mutant), DLX2, LHX6 and miR-9/9*-124 linked to a doxycycline inducible promoter to convert the stem cell into an inhibitory neuron and transfecting with NeuroD2 linked to a doxycycline inducible promoter to convert a stem cell into an excitatory neuron. Methods of screening one or more factors and/or one or more genetic mutations that modulate a pre-selected activity of the lineage specific cell, kits and directly convertible stem cells obtained using method of the invention are also provided.

The invention provides an artificial neural network construction method and system inspired by a brain inhibition feedback mechanism. The construction method comprises the following steps: distinguishing neurons in an artificial neural network of a plurality of reference samples into excitative neurons and inhibitory neurons; inhibiting the inhibitory neurons through the inhibitory feedback to obtain an inhibitory feedback neural network; and recombining the inhibitory feedback neural network into a closed-loop neural network, and determining a decision rule for feedback learning of the current sample. According to the method, the performance of the whole neural network can be optimized by introducing the concepts of excitability and inhibitory neurons in the neuroscience; and furthermore,the robustness can be improved by introducing a closed-loop system after inhibition feedback.

The invention relates to an application of neuregulin 1 (NRG1) and acceptor thereof as a target for preparing and screening anti-epileptic drugs. The application of NRG1 for inhibiting the development and progression of epilepsy by activating leukemia virus oncogene homolog 4 (ErbB4) of bird red blood cells in inhibitory neurons in the brain is proposed for the first time; and novel target is provided for effective prevention, control or treatment of the epilepsy.

The present invention (1) performs an operation of decreasing the number of copies of a FoxG1 gene from two copies to one copy in both differentiated excitatory neurons and differentiated inhibitory neurons present in a brain, or (2) performs, seven or more days after birth, an operation of increasing expression levels of a FoxG1 gene in both differentiated excitatory neurons and differentiated inhibitory neurons present in a brain to 1.2 to 2.0 times that of a wild type animal.

A system to detect a feature in an input image comprising a processor to evaluate a model including: four layers including: a supragranular layer, a granular layer, a first infragranular layer, and a second infragranular layer, each of the layers including a base connection structure including: an excitatory layer including a excitatory neurons arranged in a two dimensional grid; and an inhibitory layer including a inhibitory neurons arranged in a two dimensional grid; within-layer connections between the neurons of each layer in accordance with a Gaussian distribution; between-layer connections between the neurons of different layers, the probability of a neuron of a first layer of the different layers to a neuron of a second layer of the different layers in accordance with a uniform distribution; and input connections from lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) neurons of an input LGN layer to the granular layer in accordance with a uniform distribution.

The present disclosure relates to a method for restoring brainwave impairment in Alzheimer's brain using optogenetic technology. The method for restoring brainwave impairment in Alzheimer's brain according to the present disclosure can restore brainwave impairment in Alzheimer's brain to a normal level by specifying inhibitory neurons associated with brainwave impairment in Alzheimer's disease and selectively activating impaired neurons through optical stimulation rather than electrical stimulation.

The invention provides a structure optimization method of a reserve pool network based on excitability and inhibition STDP. The reserve pool network is a network formed by mutually connecting excitatory neurons E and inhibitory neurons I, the network has four connections: E-E, E-I, I-E and I-I, the connection weight of the E-E is adjusted through excitatory STDP, and the connection weight of the I-E is adjusted through inhibitory STDP. According to the invention, through an unsupervised learning rule of interaction between excitability STDP and inhibition STDP, excitability and inhibition balance is realized; a heterogeneous network structure which is consistent with the biological neural network in characteristics and has long-tail distribution characteristics is formed, the network information capacity is large, and the network performance is optimal.

The invention discloses application of a regallily glycoside A to preparation of an antidepressant drug. A cell model and an animal model are adopted for researching the antidepressant activity of the regallily glycoside A component. Test results show that the regallily glycoside A has good protecting activity on SH-SY5Y cells with damaged corticosterone, and the mechanism of the regallily glycoside A is possibly related to apoptosis of inhibitory neuron cells; the regallily glycoside A can obviously shorten the dead time of rat forced swimming and increase the frequency of open field autokinetic movement. It is shown that the regallily glycoside A has a strong antidepressant effect, which exploits a new field for application of monomer components of lilies and other medicinal materials, and the application prospects are broad.

The invention discloses application of an inhibitory neural precursor cell to the preparation of a drug for treating the Alzheimer's disease, and belongs to the technical field of medicines. Accordingto the application, an interneuron deleted in a brain suffered from the AD (Alzheimer's disease) can be more accurately compensated by adopting the transplantation of the inhibitory neural precursorcell from an MGE (Medial Ganglionic Eminence) source; and the balance between the excitability of the brain and an inhibitory neural network is maintained. Compared with an anti-excitability medicine,a stem cell subjected to one-time transplantation can effectively survive and is differentiated into a required inhibitory interneuron, takes effect for a long term, has no side effect of a chemicaldrug, and is high in safety. The inhibitory neuron deleted in the brain suffered from the AD is effectively and accurately compensated through the scheme of transplanting the inhibitory neural precursor cell from the MGE source; and the cognitive disorder of the AD is improved.

Selectively providing voltage-gated sodium channel function sufficient to rescue impaired Nav1.1 function to inhibitory neurons is described. Provided voltage-gated sodium channel function sufficient to rescue impaired Nav1.1 function in inhibitory neurons can be used to treat disorders such as epilepsy, and more particularly, Dravet Syndrome.

The invention belongs to the technical field of medicines, and particularly relates to application of dihydromyricetin as an active ingredient in sleep disorder. According to the medicine prepared by taking dihydromyricetin as a raw material, the ATP supply of the brain can be increased, the Gephyrin protein level can be increased, and the function of brain inhibitory neurons (GAMA aminobutyric acid) can be improved; the compound can effectively improve the night sleep disorder of a dementia patient, especially the night dysphoria and excitement accompanied by the night sleep disorder, can regulate the function of dopaminergic neurons, plays a role in calming by regulating the function of inhibitory neurons, relieves the phenomena of anxiety, depression and insomnia, and is good in safety and free of dependence, tolerance and other adverse reactions.

A neuromorphic system for switching between a multitude of functional operations includes a controlling unit and a neuron unit. The controlling unit provides a first input and a second input and regulates a multitude of bias currents. The neuron unit receives the bias currents. An input neuron group receives the first input and the second input. An excitatory neuron group is stimulated by the input neuron group. An inhibitory neuron group is electrically connected to the excitatory neuron group, and the inhibitory neuron group and the excitatory neuron group stimulate each other. An output neuron is electrically connected to the excitatory neuron group and stimulated by the excitatory neuron group to generate an output. The bias currents control the excitatory neuron group, the inhibitory neuron group and the output neuron to be in one of a high-activity state, a middle-activity state and a low-activity state.