30 results about "SALT RETENTION" patented technology

The invention belongs to the technical field of filtering materials, and discloses a non-woven cloth based forward osmosis membrane as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The non-woven cloth based forward osmosis membrane comprises a non-woven cloth support layer and a polyamide active layer, wherein the polyamide active layer is compounded on the non-woven cloth support layer; the quantity of the non-woven cloth support layer is 5-40 g / m<2>; the thickness of the non-woven cloth support layer is 10-55 [mu]m; the average aperture of the non-woven cloth support layer is 5-35 [mu]m; the porosity of the non-woven cloth support layer is greater than or equal to 80%. Wet-method non-woven cloth is used as a support layer material, and the polyamide active layer is prepared from a water-phase solution with alkylated fatty amine or a multi-functional amino compound and an oil-phase solution with an acid chloride compound on the wet-method non-woven cloth via upper-interface polymerization. The water flux of the forward osmosis membrane disclosed by the invention is as high as 80.9 L / (m<2>*h), and the salt retention rate of the forward osmosis membrane is greater than or equal to 97%. The water flux of the forward osmosis membrane is far higher than that of a conventional commercial forward osmosis membrane, and meanwhile a high salt retention rate is maintained. The forward osmosis membrane can be applied to fields such as sweater treatment and wastewater recycling.

The invention discloses a method for removing sulphate from an outdoor crisp brick cultural relic. The method is as follows: spraying a salt-damaged crisp part of a brick body with a solution A evenly, then evenly spraying the salt-damaged crisp part of the brick body with a deionized water and solution B mixed liquid with the volume ratio of deionized water to solution B of 1: 6 to 9, and repeating spraying with the solution A and the deionized water and solution B mixed liquid for 3 to 8 times, wherein the solution A is an ethanol solution containing 5 to 15 g / L of phosphoric acid and 10 to25 g / L of dihydrate oxalic acid, and the solution B is a methanol containing 8 to 25 g / L of barium hydroxide octahydrate. According to the method, the outdoor crisp brick cultural relic is desalted for transformation of most destructive Na2SO4 in the brick relic into BaSO4 to deposit in the brick, chlorine salt and sulfate that are not involved in the transformation can be separated from the brickbody in the manner of moving of salts along with water; while desalination, reinforcement function is achieved, the ''fragile'' status of salt-damaged crisp powder of the brick body may not be aggravated, the mechanical strength is significantly increased, the salt penetration increases after the desalination, and the salt retention time in the brick can be reduced.

The invention belongs to the technical field of filtering materials, and discloses a non-woven cloth based forward osmosis membrane as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The non-woven cloth based forward osmosis membrane comprises a non-woven cloth support layer and a polyamide active layer, wherein the polyamide active layer is compounded on the non-woven cloth support layer; the quantity of the non-woven cloth support layer is 5-40 g / m<2>; the thickness of the non-woven cloth support layer is 10-55 [mu]m; the average aperture of the non-woven cloth support layer is 5-35 [mu]m; the porosity of the non-woven cloth support layer is greater than or equal to 80%. Wet-method non-woven cloth is used as a support layer material, and the polyamide active layer is prepared from a water-phase solution with alkylated fatty amine or a multi-functional amino compound and an oil-phase solution with an acid chloride compound on the wet-method non-woven cloth via upper-interface polymerization. The water flux of the forward osmosis membrane disclosed by the invention is as high as 80.9 L / (m<2>*h), and the salt retention rate of the forward osmosis membrane is greater than or equal to 97%. The water flux of the forward osmosis membrane is far higher than that of a conventional commercial forward osmosis membrane, and meanwhile a high salt retention rate is maintained. The forward osmosis membrane can be applied to fields such as sweater treatment and wastewater recycling.

The invention discloses a preparation method of a reverse osmosis membrane with a high throughput and high salt retention rate, and belongs to the technical field of reverse osmosis membrane separation in water treatment. The reverse osmosis membrane is prepared by covering a porous carrier membrane by a mixed solution of a polyamine water solution containing a throughput increasing agent and an organic poly(acyl chloride) solution; and the throughput increasing agent will participate in the interface polymerization reactions and completely crosslinks with the polyamine and acyl chloride to form a polyamide membrane layer with a special throughput promoting function. The design of the preparation method is reasonable, and the reverse osmosis membrane has the advantages of high throughput, high salt retention rate, easy preparation, and wide application range.

Disclosed are methods of preparing antifouling coatings on reverse osmosis membranes with initiated chemical vapor deposition. The coatings enhance the stability and lifetime of membranes without sacrificing performance characteristics, such as permeability or salt retention.

A calcium lactate crystal inhibitor is added to the typical cheese-making recipe to inhibit the growth of calcium lactate crystals as the cheese ages. The calcium lactate crystal inhibitor is preferably a sodium salt of an organic acid, and is preferably added with sodium chloride or shortly after sodium chloride as part of the salting step. The calcium lactate crystal inhibitor can be identified in a solubility model as being effective in preventing calcium lactate crystal formation by having no or essentially no visually observable crystals and a minimal reduction (less than 5.0%, and more preferably less than 1.0%) in the calcium and lactate content of a calcium L-lactate pentahydrate solubility solution after 14 days of storage at 7° C. The amount of calcium lactate crystal inhibitor salt is within the range of greater than zero to 10% of the weight of the curd, to result in a cheese having 0.26 to 2.8% calcium lactate crystal inhibitor in a cheddar cheese. The amount of calcium lactate crystal inhibitor salt added for other cheeses can be based upon the lactate content and salt retention of the cheese.

Sodium gluconate is added to the typical cheese-making recipe to inhibit the growth of calcium lactate crystals as the cheese ages. The sodium gluconate is preferably added with sodium chloride or shortly after sodium chloride as part of the salting step. The amount of sodium gluconate is within the range of greater than zero to 10% of the weight of the curd, to result in a cheese having 0.26 to 2.8% gluconate in the cheese. The amount of sodium gluconate added for other cheeses can be based upon the lactate content and salt retention of the cheese.

The invention relates to a sulfonated polyphenol nanofiltration membrane and a preparation method thereof, comprising a supporting bottom membrane and a separation surface layer, wherein the separation surface layer is formed by a cross-linked reaction product of sulfonated polyphenols and aromatic acid chlorides. Due to the introduction of sulfonic acid groups in the present invention, on the one hand, it can regulate the interfacial polymerization process to obtain a smooth and loose interfacial polymerization layer; on the other hand, it can endow the nanofiltration membrane with higher hydrophilicity and negative charge, ensuring high At the same time of salt interception, the water flux of the membrane is greatly improved, and it also has good anti-pollution ability, and has great industrialization potential.

Disclosed is a semipermeable membrane and its preparation method. The semipermeable membrane obtained has a Turing structure. The Turing structure is an ordered pattern composed of microstructures. The existence of the structure enables the semipermeable membrane of this invention to have both high water permeation flux and excellent salt retention performance, which breaks the flux limit value of the semipermeable membrane while ensuring high selective permeability of the membrane. It also has good anti-pollution properties. The preparation method of the invention can be easily integrated into the existing semipermeable membrane production line without further cost input which has far-reaching practical significance and commercial value.

Disclosed are methods of preparing antifouling coatings on reverse osmosis membranes with initiated vapor deposition or oxidative vapor deposition. The coatings enhance the stability and lifetime of membranes without sacrificing performance characteristics, such as permeability or salt retention.

The present invention provides a polyamide reverse osmosis composite membrane and a preparation method thereof. According to the present invention, polyarylene ether sulfone with side carboxyl is added to a membrane casting liquid of a support layer to prepare a porous support layer of a reverse osmosis composite membrane, and a reverse osmosis function layer is compounded on the porous support membrane, wherein the hydrophilicity of the support layer and the binding performance between the polyamide function layer and the support layer are increased through the polyarylene ether sulfone with side carboxyl so as to increase the chemical resistance stability of the composite membrane interface, and the flux and the salt retention rate of the reverse osmosis composite membrane are improved. The method of the present invention has the simple process and is suitable for industrial production.

Disclosed are methods of preparing antifouling and chlorine-resistant coatings on reverse osmosis membranes with initiated chemical vapor deposition. The coatings enhance the stability and lifetime of membranes without sacrificing performance characteristics, such as permeability or salt retention.

The invention discloses a method for manufacturing non-smoked salt glaze ceramics, which changes the smoking of gaseous salt vapor into liquid ion penetration, including the following steps: 1) slurry mixing: adding alkali metal salts to the glaze slurry, mixing thoroughly and fully dissolving ; 2) After glazing, drying and firing. The present invention adopts the production method of ordinary ceramics to produce salt-smoked glazed ceramics, does not generate alkali metal salt vapor in the process of manufacturing salt-smoked glazed ceramics, does not pollute the environment, reduces the firing temperature so as to save energy, and the product maintains the characteristics of salt-smoked glazed pottery, A thicker vitrified layer is formed in the green body, and there is no glaze crack or leakage.

The invention discloses a method for removing sulphate from an outdoor crisp brick cultural relic. The method is as follows: spraying a salt-damaged crisp part of a brick body with a solution A evenly, then evenly spraying the salt-damaged crisp part of the brick body with a deionized water and solution B mixed liquid with the volume ratio of deionized water to solution B of 1: 6 to 9, and repeating spraying with the solution A and the deionized water and solution B mixed liquid for 3 to 8 times, wherein the solution A is an ethanol solution containing 5 to 15 g / L of phosphoric acid and 10 to25 g / L of dihydrate oxalic acid, and the solution B is a methanol containing 8 to 25 g / L of barium hydroxide octahydrate. According to the method, the outdoor crisp brick cultural relic is desalted for transformation of most destructive Na2SO4 in the brick relic into BaSO4 to deposit in the brick, chlorine salt and sulfate that are not involved in the transformation can be separated from the brickbody in the manner of moving of salts along with water; while desalination, reinforcement function is achieved, the ''fragile'' status of salt-damaged crisp powder of the brick body may not be aggravated, the mechanical strength is significantly increased, the salt penetration increases after the desalination, and the salt retention time in the brick can be reduced.