The present invention discloses a method for predicting and modeling the vertical straightness and
angular error of a linear axis of a
machine tool. First, through probability statistics and the "3σ" product qualification inspection criterion, a sine function with manufacturing error as the amplitude is used to characterize the surface curve of the guide rail during manufacturing. Based on finite
element analysis, the pre-tightening force
distribution law of the guide rail group bolts under specific
assembly processes is revealed, and a deformation model of the guide rail
assembly with
statically indeterminate analysis is proposed. Finally, considering the superposition effect of manufacturing and
assembly, the spatial profile curve equation of the guide rail is established. Furthermore, according to the
geometric transformation relationship, the vertical straightness and
angular error of the linear axis of the
machine tool are calculated. By carrying out
uncertainty analysis on the relevant design parameters in the manufacturing and assembly processes of the guide rail, the spatial profile curve of the guide rail obtained by the present invention is more accurate than the regular and periodic sine function assumption in traditional research, which lays a theoretical foundation for the optimization of the original design scheme of the
machine tool and the improvement of geometric accuracy.