China latest patents query

The latest invention patents collect the data information of China invention patents from 2000 to 2024, typesetting according to the date of patent publication, including patent number, application date, invention Bibliographic data, abstracts, and specification data of people are convenient for scientific researchers to quickly browse and search for patents.

A method and structure for effectively improving the stability of the down-section plugging of the chute

ActiveCN106761913BImprove stabilityImprove securityMaterial fill-upAnchoring boltsRock boltGeotextile

Owner:YUXI DAHONGSHAN MINING

Method for improving anti-jamming performance of spw network transmission and its verification system

ActiveCN105514707BImprove anti-interference abilityEnsure safetyNetwork connectorsCoupling protective earth/shielding arrangementsInterference resistanceGround plane

Owner:SHANGHAI SATELLITE ENG INST

An outfield welding process for liquefied gas ships

ActiveCN111037043BReduce tensionReduce the temperatureArc welding apparatusEngineeringWeld seam

Owner:上海江南船舶管业有限公司

Insulating basin casting mould structure and demoulding method

ActiveCN101480826BExtended service lifeNot easy to damageDomestic articlesElectrical conductorHigh pressure

Owner:CHINA XD ELECTRIC CO LTD

A micp-based bucket foundation reinforcement device and installation method for coral sand formations

ActiveCN108060678BFast reinforcementImprove cementing performanceSoil preservationChinese charactersSlurry

Owner:ZHEJIANG UNIV

High load jet bridge device

ActiveCN110983947BImprove carrying capacityPracticalFloating bridgesJet bridgeJet flow

Owner:SHENZHEN ZHU GUANGBO MACHINERY TECH

An electric weeder

ActiveCN107616162BAvoid damageExtended service lifeWeed killersAgricultural engineeringStructural engineering

Owner:ZHEJIANG IND & TRADE VACATIONAL COLLEGE

Threaded stud structure of plastic part

InactiveCN101737397BAvoid Dented ConditionsNutsStress pointEngineering

Owner:SHENXUN COMP KUNSHAN

A small washing machine power board installation structure and washing machine

ActiveCN103789968BEasy to disassembleEasy to removeOther washing machinesTextiles and paperEngineeringMechanical engineering

Owner:QINGDAO HAIER WASHING MASCH CO LTD

Manufacturing method of solar cell module, method of connecting solar cell module and ribbon

ActiveCN103797588BGuaranteed normal outputReduce stressPhotovoltaic energy generationSemiconductor devicesIn planeWave shape

Owner:DEXERIALS CORP

A method for head portrait correction based on video communication

ActiveCN111031272BImprove picture qualityLower picture qualityTelevision system detailsCharacter and pattern recognitionComputer graphics (images)Engineering

Owner:HANGZHOU ARCVIDEO TECHNOLOGY CO LTD

Solder-bearing wafer for usein soldering operations

InactiveCN1203733CPrinted circuit assemblingLine/current collector detailsEngineeringSoldering

Owner:NAS INTERPLEX IND

Three-dimensional rendering method of plane video

ActiveCN102014293BHigh speedMeet the needs of real-time playbackSteroscopic systemsUser inputComputer science

Owner:TSINGHUA UNIV

One-touch popping device of memory module test socket

ActiveCN101924299BAvoid breakingSilky touchSemiconductor/solid-state device testing/measurementElectrical measurement instrument detailsComputer moduleHeight difference

Owner:MICRO CONTACT SOLUTION

Method for increasing capacitor electrode superficial area

ActiveCN102426931BLarge capacityIncrease surface areaHybrid capacitor electrodesHybrid/EDL manufactureMetal coatingCapacitance

Owner:CHINA INSTITUTE OF ATOMIC ENERGY

Floating oil storage unit and floating oil storage unit comprising same

ActiveCN105905256BAvoid pollutionRandom combinationFloating buildingsAnchoring arrangementsMooring systemCentralized management

Owner:SHANGHAI WAIGAOQIAO SHIP BUILDING CO LTD

Communication network for aircraft

ActiveCN101989945BEasy to shareIncrease profitData switching by path configurationNetwork architectureComputer terminal

Owner:COMAC +1

A method for multiple times of induction and multiple batches of attachment to improve the utilization rate of tropical sea cucumber cultivation pools and parent cucumbers

ActiveCN112655637BShorten the timeHigh densityPisciculture and aquariaSeedlingGinseng

Owner:ANIMAL SCI RES INST GUANGDONG ACADEMY OF AGRI SCI +1

Intelligent power supply method and system based on electric power big data and Internet of Things

ActiveCN111815479BReduce abnormal electricity consumptionReduce the probability of abnormal power consumptionData processing applicationsInformation technology support systemPower stationThe Internet

Owner:STATE GRID ZHEJIANG ELECTRIC POWER +1

Method for preparing printed circuit board and light emitting diode

InactiveCN100573837CUniform surfaceIncrease success ratePrinted circuit detailsSemiconductor/solid-state device detailsSolderingPrinted circuit board

Owner:EVERLIGHT ELECTRONICS

Emulsion composition and wet tissue using same

ActiveCN103006509BImprove coolnessHigh strengthCosmetic preparationsToilet preparationsEmulsionZingerone

Owner:GOLD HONG YE PAPER

Processing technology for microwave heat penetration of pseudosciaena crocea richardson

InactiveCN102273655BHeating up fastShort heating timeFood preparationAdditive ingredientHeat penetration

Owner:福建福鼎海鸥水产食品有限公司

Electrode material, its preparation method, its application and supercapacitor

InactiveCN104616909BLower internal resistanceReduce manufacturing costHybrid capacitor electrodesHybrid/EDL manufactureActivated carbonConductive polymer

Owner:SICHUAN UNIV

Manufacturing method of LED lamp string

InactiveCN101737665BImprove production efficiencyExtended service lifePoint-like light sourceElectric lightingColloidEngineering

Owner:张文龙

A test system for suppressing underground gas explosions in coal mines with a cavity structure

ActiveCN107605527BGood scaleBest combination structureDust removalFire preventionShock propagationGas cylinder

Owner:ANHUI UNIV OF SCI & TECH

Enterococcus faecalis and its application

ActiveCN113122466BBacteriaHydrolasesBiotechnologyBile Juice

Owner:HANGZHOU GRAND BIOLOGIC PHARMA INC

An Online Radar Target Detection Method Based on Region Similarity

ActiveCN107765228BEasy to detectAvoid interferenceWave based measurement systemsCorrelation coefficientPattern recognition

Owner:XIDIAN UNIV

A method and system for dynamic regional logistics delivery based on intelligent unmanned vehicles

ActiveCN109165902BLogisticsLogistics managementDistribution method

Owner:NORTH CHINA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

Low radiation coated glass with deep jewelry blue reflected color and manufacturing method thereof

ActiveCN101723602BBright colorColor stableOptoelectronicsMetallic Nickel

Owner:中力玻璃有限公司

Rack for test tube transport

ActiveCN104024863BWon't hurtImprove stabilityExternal fittingsMaterial analysisEngineeringTest tube

Owner:HITACHI HIGH-TECH CORP

A multi-connected air conditioner control method

ActiveCN106705353BTimely response to changes in heat loadAvoid the problem of sharp changes in the temperature difference between the ringsMechanical apparatusSpace heating and ventilation safety systemsControl engineeringRoomba

Owner:QINGDAO HAIER AIR CONDITIONING ELECTRONICS CO LTD +1

Laminating film for invisible windows

ActiveCN105291507BEasy to removeEasy to operateMetal layered productsSurface layerOptoelectronics

Owner:SHANGHAI RADIX VACUUM METALIZING

Multi-station fast automatic welding machine

ActiveCN106078027BQuick placementReduce labor intensityWelding/cutting auxillary devicesAuxillary welding devicesEngineeringManipulator

Owner:ACTIF POLARIZERS (CHINA) CO LTD

motor and stator

ActiveCN109586483BMiniaturizationLow costWindings insulation shape/form/constructionEngineeringMechanical engineering

Owner:NIDEC CORP

Mobile terminal and communication method for processing module thereof

ActiveCN101415270BImprove communication efficiencyMeet the requirements of data communicationSubstation equipmentWireless communicationProcess module

Owner:HUAWEI DEVICE CO LTD

Integrated road lane coating machine

ActiveCN105568836BShort drying timeReduce laborRoads maintainenceEngineeringTraffic sign

Owner:HOHAI UNIV CHANGZHOU

Test pressurisation device for hose

ActiveCN102753950BDetection of fluid at leakage pointMeasurement of fluid loss/gain rateCouplingEngineering

Owner:ALLGOTECH PRODN AB

A control method and system for a multi-connected heat pump system

ActiveCN109974308BAchieve coordinationAvoid damageFluid heatersSpace heating and ventilation detailsThermodynamicsMachine control

Owner:GUANGDONG PHNIX ECO ENERGY SOLUTION

Image display device

InactiveCN1336568AStatic indicating devicesNon-linear opticsDisplay deviceVoltage source

Owner:SHARP KK

Fracture reduction forceps and combined fracture reduction instrument

InactiveCN105596064BEasy to fixEasy to fix with nailsSurgical forcepsFracture reductionMedicine

Owner:张杰 +2

A kind of synthetic technique of adefovir dipivoxil

ActiveCN106188140BHigh purity and stabilityHigh yieldGroup 5/15 element organic compoundsN dimethylformamideSolvent

Owner:HENAN KANGDA PHARMA

Image-based position detection method, device, equipment and storage medium

ActiveCN108986164BImprove accuracyImprove reliabilityImage enhancementImage analysisPattern recognitionComputer graphics (images)

Owner:BAIDU ONLINE NETWORK TECH (BEIJIBG) CO LTD

A kind of high-performance organic non-alkali expansion agent and preparation method thereof

ActiveCN106256798BNo pollution in the processReduce dosageSodium bicarbonateAlkali free

Owner:孟亚龙

Polyurethane unsaturated polyester resin and photocuring coating containing same

ActiveCN102827343BReduce adhesionImprove adhesionPolyurea/polyurethane coatingsUnsaturated polyesterDibasic acid

Owner:广东百汇达新材料有限公司

unlocking device

InactiveCN105279824BThe unlocking process is simpleWithout compromising convenienceIndividual entry/exit registersComputer scienceControl unit

Owner:MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC CORP

An escalator or moving walk pedal breakage protection device

ActiveCN106865395BRealize full detectionSensitive detectionEscalatorsElectricityClosest point

Owner:SJEC CORP

A method and device for identifying crude oil condensation based on artificial intelligence

ActiveCN113642199BReal-time access to condensationReal-time monitoring of coagulation statusCharacter and pattern recognitionDesign optimisation/simulationFeature vectorFeature extraction

Owner:DESHI ENERGY TECH GRP CO LTD +1

Energy-saving electromagnetic water heater

InactiveCN100572968CAvoid getting lostReasonable structureWater heatersSurface mountingWater flow

Owner:JIANGMEN YINHE TECH DEV

A kind of cistanche polypeptide extract, preparation method and use thereof

ActiveCN104263790BIncrease profitHigh economic valueHydrolysed protein ingredientsDigestive systemMedicinal herbsUltrafiltration

Owner:内蒙古中兴华冠生物工程股份有限公司

An offshore wind turbine transport and installation vessel

ActiveCN110159490BSmooth sea transportationImprove installation efficiencyPreventing unwanted cargo movementWind motor assemblyHydraulic cylinderTower

Owner:JIANGSU UNIV OF SCI & TECH +1

Method and device for informing a driver

ActiveCN104039580AAvoid distractionsEnsure traffic safetyImage enhancementImage analysisDriver/operatorOn board

Owner:ROBERT BOSCH GMBH

A security authentication and data communication system between IoT devices

ActiveCN109379387BImprove securityImprove computing efficiencyKey distribution for secure communicationUser identity/authority verificationCommunications securityStorage security

Owner:成都三零嘉微电子有限公司

A kind of Chinese herbal medicine composition for anti-stress hemorrhage of rice field eel and its application method

InactiveCN104887791BImprove immunityWith bloodAntipyreticAnalgesicsAnti stressVitamin C

Owner:HUNAN UNIV OF ARTS & SCI +1

Method for accessorily preparing nanometer cobaltosic oxide granules at room temperature by utilizing amino acids

InactiveCN102134105BSimple methodImprove the magnetic effectNanotechnologyCobalt oxides/hydroxidesFluid phaseCobalt(II,III) oxide

Owner:SICHUAN UNIV

A transmission line inspection robot and its charging method

ActiveCN110011396BAchieving Coordinated ChargingReduce downtimeBatteries circuit arrangementsElectric powerBattery chargeControl engineering

Owner:NARI TECH CO LTD

Bearing Fault Diagnosis Method Based on Embedded Discriminative Conditional Adversarial Domain Adaptation

ActiveCN111504644BImprove diagnostic accuracyImprove robustnessMachine bearings testingCharacter and pattern recognitionAlgorithmNetwork output

Owner:XI AN JIAOTONG UNIV

A forestry tree transplanting device

ActiveCN110881391BAvoid leaningShakingHorticulture methodsForestryTree rootForest industry

Owner:曲浩 +3

A three-dimensional honeycomb airgel optimized by carbon and nitrogen double defects and its preparation method and application

ActiveCN112354491BComplete macrostructureEasy to recycleWater/sewage treatment by irradiationWater contaminantsChemical industryBenzole

Owner:ZHEJIANG UNIV OF TECH

Access control method and device of mobility management entity (MME) resource processing entity

ActiveCN102869070BGuaranteed work efficiencyAvoid causing CPU exhaustionAssess restrictionStart timeMobility management

Owner:DATANG MOBILE COMM EQUIP CO LTD

Telescopic Floss Box

ActiveCN107773319BEasy to carryNot easy to looseDental flossDental flossFastener

Owner:易芷竹

an optical module

ActiveCN109061813BIncrease light transmission areaEasy to identifyCoupling light guidesOptical ModuleEngineering

Owner:HISENSE BROADBAND MULTIMEDIA TECH

Chlorinated acid extraction system for horizontal ion chlorination reactor

ActiveCN104843717BReduce pollutionEasy to purifySilicaChlorideReaction system

Owner:连云港神汇硅材料科技有限公司

Electronic transmission controller

ActiveCN113411993ALow costEasy to manufactureCasings with connectors and PCBCasings with display/control unitsElectronic transmissionElectrical conductor

Owner:ZF FRIEDRICHSHAFEN AG

Probe device and its manufacturing method

InactiveCN1296716CImprove applicabilityAvoid damageSemiconductor/solid-state device testing/measurementElectronic circuit testingBiomedical engineeringMinimum distance

Owner:YAMAICHI ELECTRONICS

Curtain type shutter exposure uniformity detection device

InactiveCN103034043BSimple structureHigh precisionPhotographyLens hoodEngineering

Owner:CHANGCHUN INST OF OPTICS FINE MECHANICS & PHYSICS CHINESE ACAD OF SCI

Flat transmission multi-mode resonant cavity

ActiveCN101521306BSolve the problem of large fluctuations in the bandResonatorsElectronElectric field

Owner:鄄城县凤展木业有限公司

An intelligent electronic scale

ActiveCN110646071BGuaranteed accuracyReduce the effect of wind on weighingWeighing apparatus detailsWeighing apparatus for materials with special property/formMagnetic tension forceIron powder

Owner:SINXIN INFORMATION TECH CO LTD

Composition comprising metformin hci, vitamin b12 and at least one flow additive

InactiveCN114025745AAvoid missingImprove complianceOrganic active ingredientsMetabolism disorderCalcium biphosphateMetformin hcl

Owner:DSM IP ASSETS BV

An electroplating device

ActiveCN107022785BImplement tilt settingsHeight adjustableTanksElectroplatingComputer engineering

Owner:浩锐星宸天津科技有限公司

A kind of supported catalyst with mesoporous structure and its preparation method and application

ActiveCN106140218BHigh selectivityEasy to industrializePhysical/chemical process catalystsHydrocarbon from halogen organic compoundsZincMetal

Owner:CHINA PETROLEUM & CHEM CORP +1

An automated molding machine for making cement prefabricated components

ActiveCN113305991BImprove molding qualityAvoidance of porosityDischarging arrangementFeeding arrangmentsMolding machineMechanical engineering

Owner:CHUZHOU UNIV

A two-way ranging method and system

ActiveCN105954744BReduce the number of mutual rangingShorten the timePosition fixationRadio wave reradiation/reflectionUltra-widebandWireless sensor networking

Owner:UNIV OF SCI & TECH BEIJING

Gesture and voice recognition for device control

ActiveCN103137128BSpeech recognitionSelective content distributionSpeech identificationHuman–computer interaction

Owner:SONY CORP

Multi-tenant container cloud platform virtual computing resource adaptive scheduling method and system

ActiveCN109039954BGuaranteed performanceQuality assuranceData switching networksQuality of serviceMultitenancy

Owner:GUANGDONG UNIV OF PETROCHEMICAL TECH

Preparation method and application of load type NaAlO2/MgO solid base catalyst for synthesizing biodiesel

InactiveCN102049250BImprove stabilityAvoid VulnerableFatty acid esterificationBiofuelsBiodieselGlycerol

Owner:TIANJIN UNIV

P-oxycyclohexanone and l-phenylalanine mustard copolymer and its application

ActiveCN107043456BMaterial nanotechnologyOrganic active ingredientsPhenylalanine Nitrogen MustardMedicine

Owner:川北医学院

Green body molding method of ceramic microbeads

ActiveCN107030857BImprove cold isostatic pressing production efficiencyIncrease productivityCeramic shaping apparatusMicron scaleCompressive resistance

Owner:中国国检测试控股集团淄博有限公司

Control device and method for controlling window lifter with Anti-trap protection for motor vehicle

ActiveCN112041529AWindowsWindscreensControl engineeringAlternative control

Owner:BAYERISCHE MOTOREN WERKE AG

A method for controlling cooling fans of soft starters

ActiveCN102966584BReduce the chance of damagePlay a cooling rolePump controlNon-positive displacement fluid enginesElectricityThyratron

Owner:芜湖鸠江科技企业孵化器管理有限公司

Method for setting zero reference for clearance between silk-screen printing template and worktable

InactiveCN101791897BHigh precisionGuaranteed qualityScreen printersScreen printingDisplay device

Owner:TIANJIN SAMSUNG ELECTRO MECHANICS CO LTD

A pipe precision butt joint, quick lock joint

ActiveCN111043421BGuaranteed accuracyFix the leakFlanged jointsButt jointClassical mechanics

Owner:BEIJING AEROSPACE MEASUREMENT & CONTROL TECH

A detachable bipolar coagulation forceps

ActiveCN111407398BAchieve hemostatic effectAvoid short circuitSurgical instruments for heatingSurgical forcepsForcepsEngineering

Owner:TONGLU ZHOUJI MEDICAL INSTR

A kind of composite acellular matrix hydrogel and preparation method thereof

ActiveCN105879119BDoes not change the structureCompact structureProsthesisControlled releaseAcellular matrix

Owner:DONGHUA UNIV

Polymer dispersed crystal liquid film driving method and direct-current power source driving device

InactiveCN102855851BImprove securityEasy to useStatic indicating devicesElectrical batteryTime delays

Owner:北京众智同辉科技有限公司

Method for manufacturing plastic substrate and plastic substrate manufactured thereby

ActiveCN111278634BImprove surface flatnessImprove thickness uniformityOptical articlesOptical elementsComposite materialSi substrate

Owner:LG CHEM LTD

A purification treatment process of graphite core column for synthetic industrial diamond

ActiveCN106348288BPrevent oxidationEfficient dischargeCarbon compoundsElectricityEconomic benefits

Owner:ZHONGNAN DIAMOND CO LTD

A Stable and Efficient Junction Box Cold Pressing Mechanism

ActiveCN105128328BNo generationThe production does not requirePunchingEngineering

Owner:江苏精科新能源科技有限公司

Devices for processing video data

InactiveCN101513067BTelevision system detailsPulse modulation television signal transmissionProcessor elementComputer module

Owner:THOMSON LICENSING SA

A kind of transparency detection device for anti-corrosion detection of gastroscope lens processing

ActiveCN112588616BPrevent fallingEasy to operateSortingTransmission beltEngineering

Owner:深圳市优立检测技术服务有限公司

A kind of sapphire surface anti-reflection micro-nano structure and preparation method thereof

ActiveCN104846336BAvoid pollutionAvoid damageAnodisationVacuum evaporation coatingMicro nanoMiddle infrared

Owner:HARBIN INST OF TECH SHENZHEN GRADUATE SCHOOL

Method for detecting concave and convex points on the surface of liquid crystal screen and light source device

ActiveCN105589227BAccurate detectionImprove detection accuracyNon-linear opticsVertical planeLiquid-crystal display

Owner:BEIJING LUSTER LIGHTTECH

Method for Detecting Additional Dynamic Component of Rogowski Coil Electronic Current Transformer

ActiveCN104931913BImprove performanceElectrical measurementsElectronRogowski coil

Owner:STATE GRID SICHUAN ELECTRIC POWER CORP ELECTRIC POWER RES INST +1

Method for improving electrohydraulic vibration exciting control waveform of non-sinusoidal periodic signal

InactiveCN101917163BImprove non-sinusoidal periodic signal waveformsCost unchangedElectrical apparatusHardware structureProportional control

Owner:DALIAN UNIV OF TECH

Non-quenching and tempering double-phase cold heading steel for high-strength fastener and method for manufacturing same

ActiveCN101220439BImprove mechanical propertiesWill not polluteFurnace typesHeat treatment process controlTemperingChemical composition

Owner:BAOSHAN IRON & STEEL CO LTD

Deep packet inspection method and device

ActiveCN112671618BLow resolution accuracyImprove accuracyData switching networksData packData profiling

Owner:北京安帝科技有限公司

Double-layer preheating kneader

ActiveCN101530755BEasy to moveSave human effortRotary stirring mixersMixer accessoriesEngineeringUpper floor

Owner:YANTAI HUAPENG MACHINERY

A test method and test system based on earth signal simulation

ActiveCN106404003BEasy to testSimple test operationMeasurement devicesEngineeringComputational physics

Owner:SHANGHAI AEROSPACE CONTROL TECH INST

A special feed system for aluminum tube trimming machine tools

InactiveCN104325347BSimple structureEasy to implementMetal working apparatusPositioning apparatusMachine toolJumping

Owner:佛山市顺德区珀雅五金电器有限公司

Reference voltage drive circuit

ActiveCN108874006BImprove driving abilityOutput drive voltage is fast and stableElectric variable regulationHemt circuitsEngineering

Owner:RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF TSINGHUA UNIVERSITY IN SHENZHEN

A construction method for stabilizing interlayer rock in tunnels with weak surrounding rock and small clear distance

ActiveCN109184700BImprove integrityAvoid crackingUnderground chambersBlastingWall rockTunnel construction

Owner:中交二公局萌兴工程有限公司

Heatable water-saving seafood farming pond

InactiveCN104957073BIncrease contact areaReduce air pressurePisciculture and aquariaWater storageWater saving

Owner:珠海国洋食品有限公司

Hair styling composition

InactiveCN102770116AGood spreadabilityAvoid damageCosmetic preparationsHair cosmeticsHydrogen atomChloride

Owner:SHISEIDO CO LTD

An image stitching method and device

InactiveCN104252705BImage enhancementImage stitchingImage noise

Owner:CHINA SECURITY & FIRE TECH GRP +1

Capacitive sensor, device employing capacitive sensor and method of use thereof

ActiveCN105476069BFluid pressure measurement by electric/magnetic elementsTobacco devicesEngineeringCapacitive sensing

Owner:RUYAN INVESTMENT HOLDONG

Processing method of integral side wall and door frame of aluminum alloy car body for rail vehicles

ActiveCN104043948BImprove machining accuracySolve the position accuracy relationshipDoor arrangementData acquisitionEngineering

Owner:NANJING ZHONGCHE PUZHEN URBAN RAIL VEHICLE CO LTD

Method for producing molded product for ferro-coke

InactiveCN107735481AHigh strengthBlast furnace detailsSpecial form destructive distillationHigh intensityCoal

Owner:JFE STEEL CORP

An outdoor high-brightness liquid crystal display air cooling system

ActiveCN110267503BGuaranteed high brightness displayImprove viewing effectCooling/ventilation/heating modificationsIdentification meansLiquid-crystal displayGlass cover

Owner:合肥统旭智慧科技有限公司

Preparation method of norfloxacin and glucose injection

InactiveCN102204886BReduce the amount of sodium hydroxideReduce consumptionAntibacterial agentsOrganic active ingredientsActivated carbonGlucose polymers

Owner:HENAN TIANFANG HUAZHONG PHARMA

System for sealing elements such as building elements, particularly windows, doors and the like building elements as well as sealing methods

InactiveCN1261666CGood effectJoints tightening/coveringEngineeringMechanical engineering

Owner:VKR HLDG AS