The invention discloses a gene sequencing chip and a gene sequencing method. The gene sequencing chip comprises a substrate (1), a first optical waveguide (2), a second optical waveguide (3), a metalneedle tip (5), nano-pores (6); the first optical waveguide (2), the second optical waveguide (3) and the metal needle tip (5) are all formed, in T-shaped relative distribution, on the substrate (1);the first optical waveguide (2) and the second optical waveguide (3) are oppositely positioned; the nano-pores (6) are arranged in contact areas of the first optical waveguide (2), the second opticalwaveguide (3) and the metal needle tip (5), and penetrate through the substrate (1); one ends of the first optical waveguide (2) and the second optical waveguide (3) are both three-dimensional taperedstructures; the first optical waveguide (2) and the second optical waveguide (3) are opposite to each other by the ends with the three-dimensional tapered structures; a light source coupler (7) is arranged, on the other end opposite to the end with the three-dimensional tapered structure, on the first optical waveguide (2); and a first signal collector (8) is arranged, on the other end opposite to the end with the three-dimensional tapered structure, on the second optical waveguide (3). The gene sequencing chip and the gene sequencing method improve detection efficiency of base monomers, thereby reducing cost with integration level and stability of the chip system improved; moreover, data volume is reduced so as to have collection rate improved.