The invention discloses a pipeline dredging device. Through the device, one end of a carbon gun of a carbon powder pipeline is clamped, a ball valve is opened to input compressed air into the carbon powder pipeline, after a pressure gage displays that the pressure rises to the system pressure, the ball valve is closed, a pressing rod is pressed, pressure in the pipeline ejects an end cover open, carbon powder is brought out of the pipeline, the end cover is closed, the ball valve is opened, the compressed air is input again, and through repeated implementation of the above steps, the pipeline can be successfully dredged; through the device, the positive and negative pressure difference alternative dredging of any connecting point of the pipeline can be achieved, rapid loading and unloading and the carbon powder pipeline dredging work can be completed only through one person, the dredging efficiency and the success rate are improved, the shutdown overhauling time is shortened, the dredging effect and quality are ensured, involved parts are common spare parts in equipment management, the cost is low, material taking is convenient, mounting is convenient, detection is reliable, and maintaining is easy.