The invention provides a lightweight thermal mortar. The lightweight thermal mortar is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 150-160 parts of shale pottery, 130-140 parts of pearlite, 30-40 parts of coal ash, 30-40 parts of expanded vermiculite, 15-20 parts of light calcium carbonate, 8-13 parts of kaoline, 10-15 parts of gingko dust saw, 10-15 parts of oak dust saw, 0.3-0.5 part of sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, 15-20 parts of latex powder, 140-160 parts of cement, 5-8 parts of polystyrene microspheres, an appropriate amount of water, 20-25 parts of auxiliaries and 7-9 parts of diatomite; the mortar is light in weight, good in thermal insulation property, high in bonding strength, non-toxic, tasteless, non-radioactive, harmful to a human body and free from pollution on the environment, and has the advantages of energy conservation and environmental protection; besides, the mortar is low in production cost; due to the auxiliaries, the compressive strength and flexural strength of the mortar are enhanced, and such properties as peaceability, anti-sagging property, thixotropy and anti-settling property of the mortar are improved.