The invention relates to a remote sensing detection method of motor vehicle exhaust based on a combustion equation correction algorithm. The remote sensing detection method comprises the following steps of obtaining a road background light signal according to the detection of a detector of remote sensing detection equipment; obtaining a motor vehicle exhaust light signal according to the detection of the detector of the remote sensing detection equipment; obtaining gas puff values of CO, HC, NO, NH3 and CO2 in the motor vehicle exhaust and particulate matter smoke opacity according to the difference between the motor vehicle exhaust light signal and the road background light signal, and calculating the ratio of relative volume concentrations of CO, HC, NO, NH3 and CO2 in the motor vehicle exhaust; calculating the volume concentrations of CO2, CO, HC, NO and NH3 in the motor vehicle exhaust by adopting a corrected combustion equation according to the obtained ratio of the relative volume concentrations of CO, HC, NO, NH3 and CO2 in the motor vehicle exhaust, and calculating emission factors of all gaseous pollutants in the motor vehicle exhaust on the basis of oil.