The invention discloses a numerical simulation method aiming at the multi-particle characteristic of dispersion type fuel. The method is suitable for the overall simulation of a dispersion type fuel element, considers the behaviors and influences of local particles, and comprises the following steps: 1, establishing a geometric model of a three-dimensional equivalent fuel element and a one-dimensional particle ball; 2, assigning the number and positions of one-dimensional particle balls; 3, calculating the burnup of the current time step; 4, the equivalent physical property of the three-dimensional fuel element is calculated, and heat-force coupling calculation is carried out; 5, acquiring the stress and the temperature calculated in the step 4, and taking the stress and the temperature as boundary conditions of a one-dimensional ball model to carry out heat-force coupling calculation; 6, feeding back the particle swelling rate calculated in the step 5 to the three-dimensional fuel element; 7, updating the physical property of the three-dimensional equivalent fuel element material according to the calculation result of the step 5; 8, repeating the steps 4, 5, 6 and 7 at the current time step until the convergence requirement is met; and 9, entering the next time step, and repeating the steps 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 until all-time calculation is completed.