The invention belongs to the field of high-pressure pipeline connection, and in particular relates to a piston-type high-pressure expansion joint. A piston-type high-pressure expansion joint mainly includes a piston outer casing, a piston inner pipe body, a plurality of two-way acting oil cylinders, a limit stop flange, a snap-key combination flange, snap-keys, a sliding support ring and a high-pressure seal. The snap-key combined flange is fixedly connected to the inner pipe body of the piston; the pistons of the two-way acting oil cylinder are all fixedly connected to the piston outer sleeve; The invention adopts a double-acting oil cylinder, and the relative movement between the outer sleeve of the piston and the inner tube of the piston, which can realize the active adjustment and passive adjustment in the length direction of the high-pressure pipeline, and has the advantages of large diameter, high overpressure, large expansion and contraction, quick disassembly and assembly, and long Advantages such as longevity.