The invention relates to the field of control, in particular to an industrial protocol mapping structure and method based on a field programmable gate array (FPGA), the structure comprises a central processing unit (CPU) and an FPGA chip which are connected, the FPGA chip is provided with a mapping module, a mapping form module, a framing module and a clock reset module, and the clock reset module respectively controls and is connected with the mapping module, the mapping form module and the framing module. The framing module receives data from a serial port, completes protocol framing according to frame byte data received from the serial port and outputs a message frame to the mapping module, and the mapping module is connected with the mapping form module. According to the invention, the RS-232 interface and the RS-485 interface are adopted, so that large-scale networking of an industrial control system can be realized, and mutual communication of PLCs and instruments of different manufacturers can be realized; and an FPGA chip is adopted, so that the accuracy, the real-time performance and the reliability of data transmission are ensured.