The invention discloses a mounting structure and a mounting method of a motor shell. The mounting structure comprises the motor shell, a front end cover unit, a rear end cover unit, an annular buffer unit, an axial buffer unit and a quick mounting unit, wherein a front end cover unit is installed at the front end of the motor shell, a rear end cover unit is installed at the rear end of the motor shell, cooling fins are arranged on the side face of the motor shell in an annular array mode, four annular buffering units are further arranged on the side face of the motor shell in an annular array mode, and axial buffering units are installed on the annular buffering units; the rapid installation unit comprises an annular installation plate, an installation bearing, an outer gear ring, a first hinge support, a movable rod, a second hinge support, a connecting rod, a clamping column, a sliding sleeve, a limiting fixing ring and a rotating ring, and the side face of the annular installation plate is rotationally connected with the rotating ring through the installation bearing. Influence of vibration on installation can be effectively reduced, and installation is simple, convenient, stable and safe.