The invention discloses a level set image segmentation method based on a self-adaptive parameter, for mainly solving the problem that various parameters in a curved surface evolution equation of a conventional level set image segmentation algorithm need to be preset in advance. The realization steps comprise: (1), inputting an image to be segmented; (2), setting a time step length, and giving iteration frequency; (3), carrying out Gauss filtering processing on the input image; (4), adding the self-adaptive parameter to a level set evolution equation to replace an original parameter constant; (5), starting level set iteration operation; (6), determining whether the iteration frequency reaches an upper limit or is convergent; and (7), determining whether a termination condition is achieved, if not, returning to step (5), and otherwise, outputting a segmentation result graph. The method provided by the invention has the advantages of short time, accurate segmentation result and high stability, thereby being capable of application in such technical fields as image enhancement, mode identification and object tracking.