The invention discloses a device for detecting pollutants in drinking water sources based on gradient sampling, and belongs to the technical field of water quality detection equipment. It mainly includes detection body, gradient sampling element, water sample holding element, water sample detection element, controller, power supply, gradient sampling element includes mounting frame, gradient sampling head, sampling head extrusion sleeve, gradient sampling head includes extrusion water cover , filter cover, support horizontal and vertical rods, water-absorbing sponge balls, and propellers; by controlling different numbers of micro-drive motors on each gradient sampling head to work, the number of micro-drive motors on each gradient sampling head that is in working condition is presented. The gradient increases, so that the propeller generates a gradient-increasing driving force for each gradient sampling head to complete the sampling of water sources at different depths, so that the sampling of water sources is reliable and representative, and the accuracy of detection results is increased; the present invention has reliable sampling , accurate detection, and intelligent integration are suitable for mass promotion.