The invention relates to a system with wide geographical coverage for monitoring positions in real time, comprising position monitoring terminals, a communication satellite and a position monitoring central station, wherein the position monitoring terminals comprise a GNSS (global navigation satellite system) positioning module, a satellite communication module, a control module and a power supply module respectively; the communication satellite is a synchronous orbit communication satellite; the position monitoring central station comprises a heavy caliber parabolic antenna, a satellite communication receiver and a data processing computer; and the position monitoring terminals are used for passing positioning information acquired by the positioning modules back to the monitoring central station by a satellite link, so that the central station can monitor the positions of the position monitoring terminals in real time. In the monitoring system, bandwidth resources of one satellite transponder are utilized, and an FDMA (frequency division multiple access) way, a CDMA (code division multiple access) way and a TDMA (time division multiple access) way are adopted to monitor the positions of the multiple position monitoring terminals in real time. The system is applied to regions with satellite signal coverage only without ground communication network coverage particularly. The system has the characteristics of instantaneity, multiple users and wide geographical coverage.