The invention discloses a phased array structure health monitoring Lamb wave compression and reconfiguration method. The method comprises the steps of establishing a piezoelectric line array, directionally exciting and receiving a Lamb wave signal according to a phased array principle, carrying out sparse representation on an acquired Lamb wave response signal, projecting and transforming the signal by selecting a measuring matrix, establishing a reconfiguration algorithm so as to precisely restore the Lamb wave response signal, and comparing the restored Lamb wave response signal with an original signal. Based on the compression sensing principle, the data transmission amount is reduced, the efficacy of a sensor array is improved, and the precise reconfiguration of the Lamb wave signal acquired a phased array sensor array in a low sampling rate can be realized.