The invention discloses a wireless communication system for monitoring the state of a hobbing cutter of a shield tunneling machine. The system comprises a terminal node, a main node, a conversion module and an upper computer. The invention further discloses a wireless communication method for monitoring the state of the hobbing cutter of the shield tunneling machine. The method comprises the following steps: receiving, collecting and processing a signal of a sensor, wherein the processed signal of the sensor is a digital signal, and wirelessly transmitting the digital signal to the main node;receiving, by the main node, the digital signal transmitted from the terminal node, and sending a control command and data transmission after the digital signal is processed; converting a RS485 bus data signal sent by the main node into a RS232 bus signal to perform data communication with the upper computer; and receiving, by the upper computer, data sent by the conversion module, and finally receiving and processing the data collected by the terminal node. By adoption of the wireless communication system and method, the wireless monitoring of the state of the hobbing cutter of the shield tunneling machine is achieved.