The invention discloses a method for parametrically designing primary components of airplane long truss-type parts. The long truss-type parts in an airplane structure are expressed by parametric components, and the parametric expression for the primary components of the airplane long truss-type parts specifically comprises the following four parts 1, essential attribute: the essential attribute specifically comprises the name of components, the version number, the creation time, the description of the components, a manufacturing technology and remarks; 2, geometric attribute: the geometric attribute is specifically divided into two parts of location parameters and section parameters; 3, non-geometric attribute: the non-geometric attribute specifically relates to a disassembling scheme and non-geometric attribute information corresponding to the disassembling scheme; and 4, two-dimensional sectional view: the two-dimensional sectional view is used for helping a user correctly understand the physical significance of each parameter of the components when the components are in instantiation. According to the method disclosed by the invention, a component base system of an airplane is facilitated to be built, function and performance model data foundation is provided for the standardization, the simulated analysis and the optimization of the airplane design, the consistency between a geometric model machine and a function model machine/performance model machine is ensured, the designing quality of the airplane is increased, and the development time is shortened.