A chain topology wireless communication system for bridge intelligent health monitoring system, including multiple vibration nodes, stress-strain nodes, displacement nodes and intelligent bridge nodes, multiple vibration nodes, stress-strain nodes and displacement nodes are respectively installed on the bridge span Structure, support, abutment or pier surface, monitor the vibration information, stress-strain and temperature information and displacement information of the bridge structure, and realize information transmission and interaction in a chain topology, and communicate vibration, stress-strain, temperature and displacement information to the intelligent bridge node; the intelligent bridge node wirelessly receives the information transmitted by the vibration node, stress-strain node and displacement node, realizes the information interaction, and transmits the vibration, stress-strain, temperature and displacement information to the bridge monitoring information service center . The invention realizes information interaction with intelligent bridge nodes, realizes long-term bridge displacement monitoring, and improves the robustness of the wireless communication system.