34 results about "Diffuse transmittance" patented technology

An inexpensive substrate for thin film solar cells having improved performance of a thin film solar cell, and a manufacturing method thereof are provided by increasing light trapping effect due to effective increase in unevenness of a substrate for thin film solar cells. Furthermore, a thin film solar cell having improved performance using the substrate is provided. A substrate for thin film solar cells of the present invention has a transparent insulating substrate and a transparent electrode layer deposited thereon including at least zinc oxide (ZnO), the transparent insulating substrate has a fine surface unevenness having a root-mean-square deviation of the surface (RMS) 5 to 50 nm in an interface by a side of the transparent electrode layer, a projected area thereof consists of a curved surface, and furthermore a haze ratio or a ratio of a diffuse transmittance to a total transmittance as an index of unevenness of a substrate may be set at not less than 20% measured using a C light source. And thereby light trapping effect may effectively occur to improve performance of the thin film solar cell.

The invention belongs to the field of optical parameter measurement in tissue optics research, and relates to a multi-wavelength tissue optical parameter trans-construction method based on a neural network. The method comprises: using double integrating sphere technology and a high-sensitivity photoelectric detector to collect reflected light and transmitted light on the surface of a tested sample, and using a method of relative measurement to obtain the reflectivity, diffuse transmittance and collimation transmittance of the sample; using a Monte Carlo method to establish a mapping model of a tissue optical parameter (mua, mus and g) to a measurement amount (Rd, Td and Tc); establishing a BP neural network containing two buried layers, and adopting a gradient descent weight learning function to train a BP network; and predicting the optical parameter of the measured sample through the (Rd, Td and Tc) obtained by measurement in real time, wherein an input signal of the neural network is (Rd, Td and Tc), and an output signal is (mua, mus and g). The invention provides a device adopted by the method at the same time. The method provided by the invention can quickly and accurately measure the tissue optical parameters under multi-wavelength.

A transparent base film and a transparent resin layer are provided. An ultraviolet absorbent is contained in at least either of the base film and the resin layer, and a transmittance of an ultraviolet ray with a wavelength of 380 nm is set at 60% or less. On a surface of the resin layer, numerous irregularities are provided, in which an total luminous transmittance is 85% or more, and a diffuse transmittance is 6% or more.

A diffuser is formed on an inner surface of a globe included in a compact self-ballasted fluorescent lamp, and a diffuse transmittance of the diffuser τ is set at 95%. When designing dimensions of the compact self-ballasted fluorescent lamp, at the same time, a ratio D_g/P_g is set at 0.8 or greater. Here, P_g is a helical pitch of an arc tube having a helical configuration, and D_g is a half of a difference between a helix diameter of the arc tube and a maximum outside diameter of the globe.

The invention discloses a class-II water atmospheric correction method based on neural network quadratic optimization and relates to the technical field of remote sensing image data processing. The method comprises the steps of extracting geometric information and wavelength information of an acquired hyperspectral image and an initial optical thickness value T(550)<0> of aerosol at 550nm; inputting the extracted parameters into a neutral network model, and outputting atmospheric transmittance t and total contribution Rho(path) in a simulation manner; simulating apparent reflectance Rho(toa)<sim> according to off-water reflectance Rho(w)(NIR) of a near infrared band together with the t and the Rho(path); performing spectral optimization on the Rho(toa)<sim> and real apparent reflectance Rho(toa)<mes> extracted from the image to finally obtain optimal solutions T(550)<pt>, R<opt> and n<opt>; inputting the T(550)<pt> into the neutral network model to obtain atmospheric diffuse transmittance t<opt> of all hyperspectral bands and the total contribution Rho(path)<opt> of atmospheric molecules and the aersol; estimating the off-water reflectance of the hyperspectral image according to the real apparent reflectance Rho(toa)<mes> of the image. According to the class-II water atmospheric correction method based on the neural network quadratic optimization, the practicability of the model is improved, the input parameters are reduced, and the estimation precision is improved.

The present invention provides a diffusely-reflecting polarizer comprising:

• • a first polymer which is amorphous and having a birefringence of less than about 0.02 and a second polymer, the first polymer being a continuous phase, and the second polymer being a disperse phase whose index of refraction differs from said continuous phase by greater than about 0.05 along a first axis and by less than about 0.05 along a second axis orthogonal to said first axis;
  • wherein the diffuse-reflectivity of said first and second polymers taken together along at least one axis for at least one polarization state of electromagnetic radiation is at least about 50%, the diffuse transmittance of said first and second polymers taken together along at least one axis for at least one polarization state of electromagnetic radiation is at least about 50%.

A seed automatic identification and sorting device based on near-infrared diffuse transmittance spectra includes a feed hopper; a seed counter mounted below the feed hopper; a sample stage having the front end directly connected with an outlet of the seed counter; a light source located above the sample stage; a near-infrared spectrometer located below the sample stage; a near-infrared spectroscopic analysis system connection with the near-infrared spectrometer; a plurality of collecting containers located below the tail end of the sample stage; and a mechanical arm located above the plurality of collecting containers. The seed automatic identification and sorting device overcomes the detect that a quantitative analysis technology needs to know the certain chemical composition and content of seeds in advance, and solves the problem of a positional effect of diffuse reflection spectroscopic analysis of single-grain solid seeds, and has the advantages of automatic and rapid identification and sorting of the single-grain seeds.

A transparent ceramic material is manufactured by molding a source powder into a compact, the source powder comprising a rare earth oxide consisting of at least 40 mol % of terbium oxide and the balance of another rare earth oxide, and a sintering aid, sintering the compact at a temperature T (1,300° C.≤T≤1,650° C.) by heating from room temperature to T1 (1200° C.≤T1≤T) at a rate of at least 100° C./h, and optionally heating from T1 at a rate of 1-95° C./h, and HIP treating the sintered compact at 1,300-1,650° C. The ceramic material has improved diffuse transmittance in the visible region and functions as a magneto-optical part in a broad visible to NIR region.

Compositions comprising an organic sunscreen in combination with (i) nylon particles, (ii) silica particles, and (iii) barium sulfate particles provide an improvement in SPF as compared to an otherwise identical composition lacking any one of the three ingredients (i)-(iii). The compositions advantageously provide high diffuse transmittance, giving a natural look to the skin.

The disclosure relates to optical measuring methods and apparatus for determining the transmission and/or reflection properties of translucent objects with utility for process monitoring and quality inspection in the manufacture of surface-coated substrates. According to the disclosure the transmission and reflection properties are determined in such a way that sequentially:

• • a first large surface of the object is illuminated by a first illuminating device, with a photodetector measuring the total transmittance (T_total),
  • a second, large surface of the object, lying opposite and parallel to the first one, is illuminated by a second illuminating device, with a photodetector measuring the diffuse transmittance (T_diffuse), and optionally
  • the first large surface of the object is illuminated by the first illuminating device, with the photodetector measuring the reflectance, and/or
  • the second large surface of the object is illuminated by the second illuminating device,
  • with the photodetector measuring the reflectance.

The invention relates to a method and system used to observe the evolvement procedure of dynamic structure of non-ergodic system under strong electric field with higher voltage fraction by using a high speed CCD image system to measure the diffused spectrum. There is no suitable method to measure said evolvement procedure by using prior art technique. Through auto-correlation function and diffused transmittance of measured specimen and observing formation of structure of electricity rheological liquid system, the conclusion obtained is that at least two factors play important roles in electricity rheologic procedure: interaction of net change, interaction of dipole. Thus it gives a good explantation for each electricity rheologic mechanism. The system is neat, particular suitable to soft matter with quick response structure such electricity rheologic, magnetism rheologic liquid and blood.

The present invention provides a method for manufacturing a diffusely reflecting polarizer, comprising the steps of: coextruding first and second polymers through a chaotic mixer and a sheeting die to produce a cast sheet with a desired blend morphology and stretching said cast sheet to produce a composite film containing a first polymer having a birefringence of less than 0.02, with said first polymer being an amorphous material and a continuous phase, and a second polymer which forms a dispersed phase, and having an index of refraction that differs from said continuous phase by greater than about 0.05 along a first axis and by less than about 0.05 along a second axis orthogonal to said first axis, wherein said first and second polymers taken together along a first axis for one polarization state of electromagnetic radiation exhibit a diffuse reflectivity R_1d, a specular reflectivity R_1s, a total reflectivity R_1t, a diffuse transmittance T_1d, a specular transmittance T_1s, and a total transmittance T_1t, and along a second axis for another polarization state of electromagnetic radiation exhibit a diffuse reflectivity R_2d, a specular reflectivity R_2t, a total reflectivity R_2t, a diffuse transmittance T_2d, a specular transmittance T_2s, and a total transmittance T_2t, the said first and second axes being orthogonal, wherein the parameters of composition, chaotic mixing, stretch temperature and stretch ratio for the process and Tg, and refractive index of the first and second polymers are selected to satisfy the equations:

R_1d is greater than R_1g  (1)

and

T_2t/(1−0.5(R_1t+R_2t))>1.35.  (2)