The invention discloses a potential-based spontaneous percolation measuring device which comprises a confining pressure control system, a potential monitoring system and a pressure difference control system. The confining pressure control system comprises a rack, a rubber cylinder, a core, a confining pressure valve, a confining pressure pump and hydraulic oil. The potential monitoring system comprises a constant-voltage power supply, a mesh-shaped positive electrode, a meshed-shaped negative electrode, a data transmission line, a potential measuring sheet and a fixed-value resistor disc. The pressure difference control system comprises a pressure meter, a water storage space, a communicating pipe, a pond, a communicating valve, a hand pump and an emptying valve. The potential-based spontaneous percolation measuring device is simple in structure, easy to realize, and capable of monitoring the change of saturability on all circumferential places of the core in a spontaneous percolation process over time; the potential-based spontaneous percolation measuring device is capable of measuring the change of the saturability of the core in the spontaneous percolation process over time under the condition of applying different confining pressures; the potential-based spontaneous percolation measuring device is further capable of measuring the change of the saturability of the core in a displacement process over time under the condition of applying different pressure differences to two ends of the core, and knowing parameters such as a water absorption rate, a capillary force and a water absorption quality of the core.