187results about "Combustion using multiple fuels" patented technology

The present invention provides a fuel feeding apparatus and method for improving the controllability of mixing process and mixing ratio of fuel and combustion air, and a combustion system and method for effecting new combustion properties. The fuel feeding apparatus of the combustion system has fuel feeding means, combustion gas extraction means, steam supply means, mixing means and fuel gas introduction means. The combustion gas extraction means extracts combustion gas of a combustion area therefrom. The mixing means mixes the fuel of fuel feeding means with at least one of combustion gas extracted from the furnace and steam of a steam generator. The fuel gas introduction means introduces a mixed fluid of combustion gas, steam and fuel to the combustion area as a fuel gas, and allows the fuel gas to be mixed with the combustion air. A step of mixing the fuel with the combustion gas after extracted from the furnace and a step of mixing the fuel gas with the combustion air are stepwisely carried out, so that the controllability of mixing process and ratio of the air and fuel is improved. Such a control of fuel gas flow enables control of characteristics of flame and production of flame with new properties in the combustion area.

This invention relates to the production and use of encapsulated and / or concentrically-constructed fertilizer or bioremediation granules such as, for example, granules of 0.5 mm to 10 mm in diameter constructed so that there are at least two components to the granule including a core with a surrounding capsule or a core with one or more concentric layers that are distinguishable from the core with respect to nutrient content, density, hardness, solubility, composition, microbial content and permeability, as in permeability to odors or the permeability of nutrients that might volatize to the atmosphere or leach into the soil. The basic idea was to create a method for manufacturing and using fertilizer granules, which incorporate multiple concentric layers or a core plus an encapsulating outer layer.

Sorbent components containing calcium, alumina, silica, and halogen are used in combination during coal combustion to produce environmental benefits. Sorbents are added to the coal ahead of combustion and / or are added into the flame or downstream of the flame, preferably at minimum temperatures to assure complete formation of the refractory structures that result in various advantages of the methods. When used together, the components ● reduce emissions of mercury and sulfur; ● reduce emissions of elemental and oxidized mercury; ● increase the efficiency of the coal burning process through de-slagging of boiler tubes; ● increase the level of Hg, As, Pb, and / or Cl in the coal ash; ● decrease the levels of leachable heavy metals (such as Hg) in the ash, preferably to levels below the detectable limits; and ● make a highly cementitious ash product.

In certain embodiments, an apparatus includes a control valve for regulating fuel flow. The apparatus can include a burner and a valve assembly. In some embodiments, the valve assembly includes a housing, which can define a first fuel input for receiving a first fuel from a first fuel source and a second fuel input for receiving a second fuel from a second fuel source. The housing can define a first fuel output for directing fuel toward the control valve, and can define a third fuel input for receiving a portion of either the first fuel or the second fuel from the control valve. The housing can define a first egress flow path and a second egress flow path, each for directing fuel to the burner. In certain embodiments, the apparatus includes a valve body configured to selectively permit fluid communication between the first and second inputs and the output and between the third input and the egress flow paths.

This invention relates to the production and use of encapsulated and / or concentrically-constructed fertilizer or bioremediation granules such as, for example, granules of 0.5 mm to 10 mm in diameter constructed so that there are at least two components to the granule including a core with a surrounding capsule or a core with one or more concentric layers that are distinguishable from the core with respect to nutrient content, density, hardness, solubility, composition, microbial content and permeability, as in permeability to odors or the permeability of nutrients that might volatize to the atmosphere or leach into the soil. The basic idea was to create a method for manufacturing and using fertilizer granules, which incorporate multiple concentric layers or a core plus an encapsulating outer layer.

In certain embodiments, a valve assembly includes a housing. The housing can define a first fuel intake, a first fuel output, and a second fuel output. The assembly can include a valve member configured to direct fuel from the first fuel intake to either the first fuel output or the second fuel output. The assembly can further include a nozzle having a first portion and a second portion. The first portion of the nozzle can be in communication with the first fuel output, and the second portion of the nozzle can be in communication with the second fuel output. The assembly can include a compartment in communication with the nozzle, and can include one or more air intakes.

A popcorn heating device includes a bag member, a receptacle removably connectable therewith and having a top portion including inner and outer layers and a medially disposed heat-retaining layer. The device further includes a mechanism for electrically heating the receptacle and the bag member. The heating mechanism includes a base member having at least one electrical conductor including a plurality of conducting posts. The base member further includes a first switch for toggling at least one electrical conductor between on and off positions and a second switch for controlling the temperature of at least one electrical conductor. A plurality of heating elements are electrically coupled to the plurality of conducting posts and a plug provided for electrically coupling the base member to a power source.

Novel methods of providing fuels to a gas-to-liquids facility are disclosed. A gas-to-liquids facility typically operates in a remote location and therefore must supply its own energy needs. These facilities are often sustained by fuels having different heating values, and for smooth operation while transitioning from one fuel to another, (such as during startup, shut down, and emergencies) the Wobble Indices of the two fuels cannot greatly vary from one another. According to embodiments of the present invention, the Wobble Index of either or both of the fuels is adjusted such that their ratio is less than or equal to about 3. The fuel having the higher Wobble Index may be natural gas, and materials such as nitrogen, carbon dioxide and flue gas may be added to lower its Wobble Index. The fuel having the lower Wobble Index may be the tail gas of a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, and materials such as methane, ethane, LPG, or natural gas may be added to raise its Wobble Index. Alternatively, carbon dioxide may be removed from the tail gas to raise its Wobble Index.

A vehicle traveling through an environmental media such as air experiences drag. The drag is actively modulated by energy beams which may either increase or decrease the drag. The energy beams may provide either a chemical, acoustic or electromagnetic energy at a transition region between turbulent and laminar flows or at the leading edge of a laminar flow or in the direction of a crosswind in order to facilitate the respective increase or decrease in drag. If the vehicle is a sailing ship, areas of the sails are selectively roughened or widened to enhance the thrust derived from the wind. Furthermore, the keel or hull of the sailing ship may be modified to improve the hydrodynamic characteristics of the sailing ship. If the vehicle is an automobile, the tires or road surface may be selectively heated to improve the traction of the automobile. Furthermore, the energy beams may be used to facilitate atomization of the air / fuel mixture prior to combustion in an internal combustion engine thereby improving the thrust of provided to the vehicle. Energy beams may be used to generate virtual extensions of a vehicle to enhance traveling efficiency.

In certain embodiments, an apparatus includes a control valve for regulating fuel flow. The apparatus can include a burner and a valve assembly. In some embodiments, the valve assembly includes a housing, which can define a first fuel input for receiving a first fuel from a first fuel source and a second fuel input for receiving a second fuel from a second fuel source. The housing can define a first fuel output for directing fuel toward the control valve, and can define a third fuel input for receiving a portion of either the first fuel or the second fuel from the control valve. The housing can define a first egress flow path and a second egress flow path, each for directing fuel to the burner. In certain embodiments, the apparatus includes a valve body configured to selectively permit fluid communication between the first and second inputs and the output and between the third input and the egress flow paths.

The present invention is directed to a process for the clean and convenient combustion of high viscosity liquid fuels, such as glycerol, as well as an apparatus useful for carrying such processes. In certain embodiments, the invention provides a process for glycerol combustion comprising providing a combustion apparatus with a glycerol combustion chamber that facilitates reflective heating, pre-heating the glycerol combustion chamber, atomizing the reduced viscosity glycerol, and combining the atomized glycerol with air in the glycerol combustion chamber to thereby completely combust the glycerol. In one embodiment, such as when using a pressure-atomizing nozzle, the inventive method may further comprise treating the glycerol to reduce the glycerol viscosity.

A method to reduce mercury in gas emissions from the combustion of low rank coal in a combustion system including: combusting coal having a low chlorine content in the combustion system, wherein elemental mercury (Hg0) is released in the flue gas produced by the combustion of the low rank coal; releasing chlorine into the flue gas by combusting a coal having a high chlorine in the combustion system; reacting the elemental mercury and released chlorine in the flue gas to oxidize the mercury; adsorbing at least a portion of the oxidized mercury generated by the combustion of the coal with an adsorbent in the flue gas, and collecting the adsorbent with the oxidized mercury in a combustion waste treatment system.

A vehicle traveling through an environmental media such as air experiences drag. The drag is actively modulated by energy beams which may either increase or decrease the drag. The energy beams may provide either a chemical, acoustic or electromagnetic energy at a transition region between turbulent and laminar flows or at the leading edge of a laminar flow or in the direction of a crosswind in order to facilitate the respective increase or decrease in drag. If the vehicle is a sailing ship, areas of the sails are selectively roughened or widened to enhance the thrust derived from the wind. Furthermore, the keel or hull of the sailing ship may be modified to improve the hydrodynamic characteristics of the sailing ship. If the vehicle is an automobile, the tires or road surface may be selectively heated to improve the traction of the automobile. Furthermore, the energy beams may be used to facilitate atomization of the air / fuel mixture prior to combustion in an internal combustion engine thereby improving the thrust of provided to the vehicle. Energy beams may be used to generate virtual extensions of a vehicle to enhance traveling efficiency.

An electric fireplace having a fire simulating assembly is provided with the invention. The fire simulating assembly includes a semitransparent light filter screen, a mirror glass wall and a dynamic light source. The dynamic light source includes fixed light source and a photic cover composed with many rotating centrifugal blades. There are many photic apertures in flame shape. The centrifugal blades rotate around the central of the light source. The said centrifugal blades are laid as follow: the rotating centrifugal blades are set at the periphery of the lighting lamps unjoined with each other. There are clearances between the blades. Light is reflected through the centrifugal blades. The curvature center of each centrifugal blade is not the same as the center axis of lamp whereby static bias and dynamic eccentricity are formed between the arc centers of blades and rotating center. The electric fireplace of this invention can achieve a natural effect of vivid, rising and leaping simulated flame.

This invention relates to a method for providing controlled heat to a process utilizing a flameless distributed combustion. The method of the invention comprises providing an oxidation chamber, with an inlet for oxidant, an outlet for combustion products, and a flowpath between the inlet and the outlet; transporting fuel in a fuel conduit containing a plurality of fuel nozzles distributed along substantially the entire length of the oxidation reaction chamber, each nozzle providing communication from within the fuel conduit to the oxidation chamber, the fuel nozzles being spaced so that no flame results when the fuel is mixed with the oxidant flowing through the flowpath in the oxidation chamber; preheating the oxidant to a temperature at which when the oxidant and fuel are mixed in the oxidation chamber, the temperature of resulting mixture exceeds the autoignition temperature of said mixture; and conducting a process in a process chamber which is in a heat exchange relationship with the oxidation chamber, whereby a controlled heat flux is provided to the process chamber at a desired temperature profile and at a rate of heat flux sufficient to complete the process being conducted therein.

Apparatus and method for rapidly heating one or more reactants for use in a fuel reformer. The apparatus includes a combustion section having an outer wall enclosing a combustion chamber and a catalyst disposed within the combustion chamber. A heat recovery section is in fluid communication with the combustion section and has an outer wall defining a heat recovery chamber. At least one heat exchanging element is located within the heat recovery chamber having an inlet for receiving a fuel reforming reactant and an outlet for directing a heated reactant out of the heat recovery section. The combustion section is elevated relative to the heat recovery section such that heated combustion gases are displaced down into the heat recovery section. The housing has an internal diameter of less than about 10 inches, or alternatively, has a length and a diameter in a ratio of between about 7:1 and about 4:1.

A method to reduce mercury in gas emissions from the combustion of low rank coal in a combustion system, said method including: combusting coal having a low chlorine content in the combustion system, wherein elemental mercury (Hg0) is released in the flue gas produced by the combustion of the low rank coal; releasing chlorine into the flue gas by combusting a coal having a high chlorine in the combustion system; reacting the elemental mercury and released chlorine in the flue gas to oxidize the mercury; adsorbing at least a portion of the oxidized mercury generated by the combustion of the coal with an adsorbent in the flue gas, and collecting the adsorbent with the oxidized mercury in a combustion waste treatment system.

A system for the generation, storage and use of Brown's gas comprising at least one Brown's gas generator, in communication with an electricity supply and water supply; at least one first storage chamber, in fluid communication with the generator, for storing the Brown's gas generated from said generator; and Brown's gas application means in communication with said at least one first storage chamber, wherein said generator and first storage chamber are located proximate the Brown's gas application means. For example, the Brown's gas may be used for the production of hot water, for the production of chilled water and as fuel in an incineration unit.

A control system of an internal combustion engine in which a first fuel of ammonia and a second fuel which is easier to burn than ammonia are used as fuels. An ammonia ratio is usually set to a reference ammonia ratio which is determined in advance in accordance with an operating state of an engine. At the time when feed of the fuel is restarted after suspension of feed of the fuel at the time of deceleration, the ammonia ratio is temporarily made lower than the reference ammonia ratio in accordance with the operating state of the engine.

An electric fireplace having a fire simulating assembly is provided. The fire simulating assembly includes a semitransparent light filter screen, a mirror glass wall and a dynamic light source. The dynamic light source includes fixed light source and a photic cover composed with many rotating centrifugal blades. There are many photic apertures in flame shape. The centrifugal blades rotate around a center of the light source. There are clearances between the centrifugal blades causing light to reflect through the centrifugal blades. The electric fireplace achieves a natural effect of vivid, rising and leaping simulated flame.

A pyrolysis heater particularly for the cracking of hydrocarbons in the production of olefins has a burner arrangement in the firebox which includes staged combustion low NOx hearth burners firing upwardly in the firebox adjacent to the walls. Wall stabilizing gas fuel injection tips, located at an elevation above the hearth burners, inject fuel upwardly between the walls and the flame from the hearth burners. This prevents rollover of the flame onto the process heater coil and overheating of the coil.

An oxygen fueled integrated pollutant removal and combustion system includes a combustion system and an integrated pollutant removal system. The combustion system includes a furnace having at least one burner that is configured to substantially prevent the introduction of air. An oxygen supply supplies oxygen at a predetermine purity greater than 21 percent and a carbon based fuel supply supplies a carbon based fuel. Oxygen and fuel are fed into the furnace in controlled proportion to each other and combustion is controlled to produce a flame temperature in excess of 3000 degrees F. and a flue gas stream containing CO2 and other gases. The flue gas stream is substantially void of non-fuel borne nitrogen containing combustion produced gaseous compounds. The integrated pollutant removal system includes at least one direct contact heat exchanger for bringing the flue gas into intimated contact with a cooling liquid to produce a pollutant-laden liquid stream and a stripped flue gas stream and at least one compressor for receiving and compressing the stripped flue gas stream.

An internal combustion engine can use ammonia and a non-ammonia fuel which is easier to burn than ammonia as fuel. The non-ammonia fuel is directly injected into a combustion chamber by a non-ammonia fuel injector, and the injected non-ammonia fuel is ignited, whereby combustion of the air-fuel mixture in the combustion chamber is commenced. In the control system of the internal combustion engine, the injection timing of the non-ammonia fuel is advanced at a time when a ratio of ammonia in all fuel fed to the internal combustion engine is high in comparison with the time when the ratio is low. Therefore, a control system of an internal combustion engine capable of using ammonia and a non-ammonia fuel (gasoline, light oil, hydrogen, etc.) which is easier to burn than ammonia, which suitably feeds fuel and controls combustion in order to suitably burn an air-fuel mixture in a combustion chamber is provided.

The present invention relates to a method of optimizing self-supporting film production which includes the steps of: determining at least one scrap factor which relates to a total amount of scrap in processing a film product; correlating the at least one scrap factor to at least one processing parameter; and adjusting the at least one processing parameter to reduce the total amount of scrap in processing the film product.

The present invention provides a fuel feeding apparatus and method for improving the controllability of mixing process and mixing ratio of fuel and combustion air, and a combustion system and method for effecting new combustion properties. The fuel feeding apparatus of the combustion system has fuel feeding means, combustion gas extraction means, steam supply means, mixing means and fuel gas introduction means. The combustion gas extraction means extracts combustion gas of a combustion area therefrom. The mixing means mixes the fuel of fuel feeding means with at least one of combustion gas extracted from the furnace and steam of a steam generator. The fuel gas introduction means introduces a mixed fluid of combustion gas, steam and fuel to the combustion area as a fuel gas, and allows the fuel gas to be mixed with the combustion air. A step of mixing the fuel with the combustion gas after extracted from the furnace and a step of mixing the fuel gas with the combustion air are stepwisely carried out, so that the controllability of mixing process and ratio of the air and fuel is improved. Such a control of fuel gas flow enables control of characteristics of flame and production of flame with new properties in the combustion area.

A fuel compensation factor (FCF) is determined to account for the amount of oxygenated fuel blended in diesel fuel. In one embodiment, the FCF is based on an expected exhaust gas oxygen concentration compared to an actual exhaust gas oxygen concentration. The FCF is used to estimate an amount of oxygenated fuel in the blend. Such estimate can be used to adjust the exhaust temperature model, which is used at least in determining the temperature in aftertreatment devices, the fuel dilution model which affects oil change recommendations, and the diesel particulate filter loading model which affects regenerations. Biodiesels are more prone to waxing at lower temperatures. The estimated amount of biodiesel and the temperature in the injection system are used to prevent and / or delay starting when it is predicted that too much wax exists in the fuel system.

A biomass-mixed, pulverized coal-fired burner is provided. The biomass-mixed, pulverized coal-fired burner is capable of burning biomass fuel as auxiliary fuel in large quantities and burning only pulverized coal when the biomass fuel is not sufficiently available. The biomass-mixed, pulverized coal-fired burner includes: a biomass fuel jet nozzle that extends axially along the biomass-mixed, pulverized coal-fired burner; a pulverized coal fuel jet nozzle that surrounds the biomass fuel jet nozzle; a secondary air nozzle that surrounds the pulverized coal fuel jet nozzle; and a tertiary air nozzle that surrounds the secondary air nozzle. A biomass fuel stream is jetted into an inside of a pulverized coal fuel flame formed in a furnace, the flame offering favorable ignition and flame holding performance.

Described is an integrated process of cogasifying an engineered fuel, formulated to be suitable for working under reducing environment, with coal and cofiring another engineered fuel, formulated to be suitable for working under oxidizing environment, with coal to produce electric power.

A multi-functional fireplace includes a housing for a removable firebox, a multiple burner assembly, a heat exchanger, a ventilator, an air conditioner, and an air exchanger / heat recovery unit. The firebox is removable by various ways from the housing allowing easy access to the internal contents of the fireplace. The multiple burner assembly can be a double burner assembly. One burner is an ambience burner for providing a decorative flame within the firebox and the other burner is the principal heating burner and can be positioned within or outside of the fireplace. A controller may also be linked to the various components of the fireplace to receive data therefrom and for control thereof. A sensor linked to the control can be placed at a heat outlet in order for the controller to detect temperature and accelerate the ventilator if need be. A bypass is also used to avoid cool air from the air conditioner from heating up when the decorative flame is lit.