The invention relates to the field of fluorescent powder, and discloses near-infrared fluorescent powder with broadband near-infrared band emission characteristics, preparation and application methodsthereof, a near-infrared light source and a near-infrared white light source preparation method. The general chemical formula of the near-infrared fluorescent powder is (RxLnyCecAz)(LaMgyCrbMc)B3O12,wherein R is selected from at least one of Ca 2+>, Sr<2+> and Ba<2+>; Ln is at least one of Lu<3+>, Y<3+>, La<3+> and Gd<3+>; A is selected from at least one of Nd<3+>, Yb <3+>, Tm<3+>, Er<3+>, Ho<3+> and Dy<3+>; L is at least one of Sc<3+> and Y<3+>; M is at least one of Li<+>, Na<+>, K<+>, Rb<+> and Cs<+>; B is at least one of Si<4+>, Ge<4+> and Sn<4+>; wherein a, b, c, x, y and z are stoichiometric numbers of the elements, x is greater than or equal to 1 and less than 3, y is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 2, z is greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 0.2, a is greater than or equal to 0 and less than 2, b is greater than or equal to 0.01 and less than or equal to 0.2, c is greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 0.1, the sum of x, y, c, z is 3, and the sum of a, y, b and c is 2. The near-infrared fluorescent powder has the advantages of high efficiency, adjustable light emitting wavelength, broadband near-infrared emission and the like.