The invention provides a diesel engine compressing, releasing and braking control method, device and system. The method comprises the steps that the total braking working time of a first cylinder, a second cylinder and a third cylinder is counted and is represented with t1; the total braking working time of a fourth cylinder, a fifth cylinder and a sixth cylinder is counted and is represented with t2; when single-stage braking is needed, the relationship between t1 and t2 is judged; when t1 is larger than t2, the fourth cylinder, the fifth cylinder and the sixth cylinder are controlled to play a braking role; when t1 is smaller than t2, the first cylinder, the second cylinder and the third cylinder are controlled to play a braking role. The total working time of the first cylinder, the second cylinder and the third cylinder is compared with the total working time of the fourth cylinder, the fifth cylinder and the sixth cylinder to judge that during one-stage braking, the set of cylinders corresponding to the short total working time is used for playing the role of braking, and the two sets of cylinders can play the role of braking alternately. According to the control method, the two sets of cylinders can be utilized in a balanced mode, and the situation that one set of cylinders are used frequently while the other set of cylinders are used less cannot occur. Thus, working reliability of a whole diesel engine can be improved.