The invention relates to the technical field of tank welding, and particularly discloses an automatic linear tank welding device which comprises a workbench, a rotating assembly, a rotating cylinder assembly, a discharging roller way, a feeding and discharging device, a material guiding assembly, a protection device, a multi-axis welding robot, a water cooling jacket, a laser range finder, a controller, a gun washing machine and a protection gas tank. The laser range finder is arranged on the welding gun head of the multi-axis welding robot, multi-point sampling can be carried out on the periphery of the tank body before linear welding is carried out on the tank body, so that the actual position coordinates and the shape tolerance of a welding seam of the tank body are determined, then self-adaptive linear welding is carried out through the welding gun of the multi-axis robot, and the welding quality of the tank body is improved. The influence of repeated positioning errors on the welding seam precision is eliminated; by arranging the feeding and discharging device and the material guiding assembly, rapid feeding and discharging can be conducted, and therefore the production takt is improved; the water-cooled jacket is mounted on the protective jacket, so that the protective jacket of the welding gun can be cooled in real time, and the service life of the protective jacket is prolonged.