The invention discloses a clamping and dust removing device for power cable processing. The clamping and dust removing device comprises a box body, a dust removing mechanism, a fixing frame, a fixingdisc, rotating rings, pressing rings, a cable inlet pipe, a bearing, pressing plates, brushes, pressing springs, discharging openings and a driving mechanism. The clamping and dust removing device forpower cable processing has the beneficial effects that the driving mechanism is powered on, the cable inlet pipe rotates, when the cable inlet pipe rotates, the brushes at the bottoms of the two setsof pressing plates arranged in the annular array sweep a cable moving in the cable inlet pipe, the two sets of brushes actively rotate, uniform dedusting of the cable is achieved, and the dedusting effect is improved. Cleaned dust falls down from the multiple discharging openings in the side wall of the cable inlet pipe, the two sets of rotating rings are rotated, the distance between two opposite brushes located in the cable inlet pipe is adjusted, and when the two opposite rotating rings rotate clockwise or anticlockwise, the two opposite pressing rings move oppositely or reversely. Therefore, cables with different diameters can be cleaned.