The invention discloses a gas turbine component air flow test bench and a test method, and relates to the field of flow test devices. The gas turbine component air flow test bench comprises an air source processing device and a test bench body. The air source processing equipment comprises an air compressor, an air storage tank, a primary filter, a refrigerated dryer, a medium-efficiency filter, an adsorption dryer and a high-efficiency filter; and the test bench body comprises a test air supply pipe, a test air main switch valve, a pneumatic pressure regulating valve, an air distributing bag, a plurality of flow meters, switch valves corresponding to the flow meters, an air collecting bag, a surge tank, a pneumatic pressure regulating valve controller, a test piece pressure measuring sensor, an atmospheric pressure sensor, an atmospheric temperature sensor, an air source pressure sensor, a data acquisition controller, upper computer measurement and control software and a pneumatic control system. The test bench is simple and compact in structure and convenient to move, and the test method is simple to operate and easy to master.