The invention discloses an environment-friendly and energy-saving courtyard type rain water collecting, treating and recycling system, and specifically relates to the environment-friendly and energy-saving courtyard type rain water collecting, treating and recycling system which is suitable for an arid area and a semi-arid area. The environment-friendly and energy-saving courtyard type rain water collecting, treating and recycling system is characterized by comprising a rain water collecting pool, a flow distributing well, a flow releasing pool, a constructed wetland, a rain water storing pool, a sand filtering pool and a clean water pool, wherein the upper-layer rain water collecting pool, the flow distributing well, the constructed wetland and the sand filtering pool are connected in sequence, the lower-layer flow releasing pool, the rain water storing pool and the clean water pool are connected in sequence, the flow releasing pool is located under the rain water collecting pool, the rain water storing pool is located under the flow distributing well and the constructed wetland, and the clean water pool is located under the sand filtering pool. According to the environment-friendly and energy-saving courtyard type rain water collecting, treating and recycling system disclosed by the invention, the occupied area is small, the energy consumption is low, the operating cost is low, and the maintenance is simple; the functions of beautifying a courtyard and purifying air are obtained as green ecological plants are planted on the constructed wetland; the courtyard waterlogging can be reduced, environmental pollution caused by initial rain water can be reduced, the living standard of a farmer can be increased, and meanwhile, the rural ecological environment can also be effectively improved.