The invention provides an indoor distribution 
base station air interface synchronization method and 
system, and the method comprises the steps: obtaining synchronization information transmitted by a synchronization source 
base station, determining a downlink timing reference, and intercepting 
wireless frame data; obtaining a 
signal-to-
noise ratio of an initial synchronization stage based on the 
wireless frame data, and obtaining a 
signal-to-
noise ratio threshold according to the 
signal-to-
noise ratio of the initial synchronization stage; acquiring a downlink 
air interface signal according to a preset period, acquiring a real-
time synchronization state and a frame header relative offset value of a synchronization source 
base station according to the downlink 
air interface signal, and acquiring a signal-to-noise ratio in a synchronization keeping stage; determining a timing reference adjustment strategy based on the real-
time synchronization state and a comparison result of the signal-to-noise ratio in the synchronization keeping stage and a signal-to-noise ratio threshold; and if it is judged that the real-
time synchronization state is out-of-step and synchronization is not recovered within the preset detection period times, self-adaptive pre-compensation is carried out. According to the invention, on the premise that the hardware cost of the base 
station is not increased and the implementation complexity is low, the stability of the air interface synchronization state of the indoor distribution base 
station in a complex environment is effectively improved, and the application scene range of the indoor distribution base 
station is expanded.