178 results about "Vertical gradient" patented technology

The invention relates to the production of bulky monocrystalline metal or semi-metal bodies, in particular of a monocrystalline Si ingot, using the vertical gradient freeze (VGF) method by directional solidification of a melt in a melting crucible having a polygonal basic shape.

According to the invention, the entire bottom of the melting crucible is completely covered with a thin seed crystal plate made of the monocrystalline semi-metal or metal. Throughout the procedure, the bottom of the melting crucible is kept below the melting temperature of the semi-metal or metal in order to prevent melting of the seed crystal plate.

Monocrystalline ingots produced in this way are distinguished by a low average dislocation density of for example less than 10⁵ cm⁻², allowing the production of very efficient monocrystalline Si solar cells.

Edges are detected in block coded video by a threshold comparison upon the lengths of variable-length codes used for encoding the differential DC coefficients of the pixel blocks. A thinning filter compares the code lengths of the differential DC coefficients of adjacent blocks in order to retain the edge indications of more significant edges and to exclude the edge indications of less significant edges. The edge indications can be split into substantially independent channels for luminance or chrominance, for edges having positive or negative horizontal gradient components, and for edges having positive or negative vertical gradient components. The edge indications for successive frames in an MPEG sequence are compared to each other in various ways in order to detect scene changes.

A predictive video coder performs gradient prediction based on previous blocks of image data. For a new block of image data, the prediction determines a horizontal gradient and a vertical gradient from a block diagonally above the new block (vertically above a previous horizontally adjacent block). Based on these gradients, the encoder predicts image information based on image information of either the horizontally adjacent block or a block vertically adjacent to the new block. The encoder determines a residual that is transmitted in an output bitstream. The decoder performs the identical gradient prediction and predicts image information without need for overhead information. The decoder computes the actual information based on the predicted information and the residual from the bitstream.

The invention discloses a vidicon definition detection method based on a definition test card, comprising the following steps of: 1) selecting a video definition test card, selecting vidicons with different definition grades, shooting an image of the definition test card, and measuring a definition function value of the definition test card, wherein the specific processes are as follows: 1.1) detecting a horizontal gradient, a vertical gradient and a total gradient of the image; 1.2) carrying out threshold value process; 1.3) calculating definition evaluation function values; 1.4) carrying out normalization process, and storing the obtained definition function value of the image shot by the vidicons with different definition grades and the definition grades of the vidicons into a database; 2) shooting a picture of the definition test card by a vidicon to be detected, calculating the definition function value of the picture, comparing the obtained definition function value with the definition function value of the image stored in the database, and selecting the most approximate numerical value as the definition grade of the vidicon to be detected. The method disclosed by the invention has the advantages of convenience, rapidness and good reliability.

A method of analysing electromagnetic survey data from an area of seafloor (6) that is thought or known to contain a conductive or resistive body, such as a subterranean hydrocarbon reservoir (12), is described. The method includes providing electric field data and magnetic field data, for example magnetic flux density, obtained by at least one receiver (25) from a horizontal electric dipole (HED) transmitter (22) and determining a vertical gradient in the electric field data. The vertical gradient in the electric field data and the magnetic field data are then combined to generate combined response data. The combined response data is compared with background data specific to the area being surveyed to obtain difference data sensitive to the presence of a subterranean hydrocarbon reservoir. Because the combined response data are relatively insensitive to the transverse electric (TE) mode component of the transmitted signal, the method allows hydrocarbon reservoirs to be detected in shallow water where the TE mode component interacting with the air would otherwise dominate. Furthermore, because there is no mixing between the TE and transverse magnetic (TM) modes in the combined response data, data from all possible transmitter and receiver orientations may be used. The background data may be provided by magneto-telluric surveying, controlled source electromagnetic surveying or from direct geophysical measurement.

The invention relates to the field of exploration and development of oil and gas fields, in particular to a method for forecasting the opening pressure, the opening sequence and the water injection pressure of a reservoir fissure. According to the method, a geomechanical model is determined through geological data, physical experiments and the like, and on the basis of paleo-stress-field numerical simulation, by means of the rock fracturing criterion and the ancient-and-modern rock-mechanics layer evolution characteristics, the present occurrence of different group fissures is forecasted; on the basis of present-stress-field numerical simulation, the work-area rock-mechanics layer distribution regularities are combined, principal-stress vertical gradients of different nodes are obtained with the rock-mechanics layer-top-bottom-face point searching method, ground stress information and fissure information are synthesized, inversion forecast of the opening pressure, the opening sequence and the water injection pressure of the fissure is achieved. The method is composed of strict mathematical algorithm derivation, after corresponding geological information is digitized, the corresponding calculation procedure can be developed with computer programming languages, forecast cost is low, and operability is high.

A spatial prediction method capable of reducing the complexity of spatial prediction includes: detecting an edge (E) overlapping the current block by obtaining a horizontal gradient (Gy) and a vertical gradient (Gx) between pixels within a block adjacent to the current block; calculating an integer slope of the edge; determining, for each pixel position within the current block, a sub-pel position being an intersection between (i) a line that has the integer slope and passes through the pixel position and (ii) a boundary of the adjacent block; and predicting, for each pixel position, a pixel value at the pixel position based on a pixel value interpolated in the sub-pel position, wherein the boundary of the adjacent block is a row or a column that is the closest to the current block, among rows or columns of pixels included in the adjacent block.

A method and system for stereo correspondence. The method for stereo correspondence includes a matching cost computation step, a cost aggregation step, a disparity computation step, and a disparity optimization step. The matching cost computation step acquires a left disparity space image and a right disparity space image by using horizontal gradients and vertical gradients of intensities of all component channels of every pixel in a left image and a right image. Utilizing the invention, accurate disparity maps may be acquired quickly.

The invention relates to a device and a method for the production of monocrystalline or multicrystalline materials using the vertical-gradient-freeze method, in particular silicon for applications in photovoltaics. According to the invention a low amount of wastage is achieved in that the cross section of the crucible is polygonal, in particular rectangular or square-shaped. Disposed around the circumference of the crucible there is a flat or planar heating element, in particular a jacket heater, which generates an inhomogeneous temperature profile. This corresponds to the temperature gradient formed in the centre of the crucible. The heat output of the flat heating element decreases going from the top end to the bottom end of the crucible. The flat heating element comprises a plurality of parallel heating webs, extending in a vertical or horizontal meandering course. The heat output from the webs is set by varying the conductor cross section. To avoid local overheating in corner areas of the crucible, constrictions of the cross section are provided at inversion zones of the meandering courses of the webs. The flat heating element can be formed from a plurality of interconnected individual segments.

A perpendicular magnetic recording (PMR) head with single or double coil layers has a small write shield stitched onto a main write shield. The stitched shield allows the main write pole to produce a vertical write field with sharp vertical gradients that is reduced on both sides of the write pole so that adjacent track erasures are eliminated. From a fabrication point of view, both the main pole and the stitched shield are defined and formed using a single photolithographic process, a trim mask and CMP lapping process so that the main shield can be stitched onto a self-aligned main pole and stitched shield.

The invention includes: a pixel-value vertical-gradient-quantity calculation section (3a) and a pixel-value horizontal-gradient-quantity calculation section (3b) for calculating, for each pixel in image data, a vertical-direction gradient quantity (Sy) and a horizontal-direction gradient quantity (Sx) for a pixel value; a gradient direction/null direction identifying section (5) for identifying, for each pixel, either a gradient direction or null direction from the vertical-direction gradient quantity (Sy) and the horizontal-direction gradient quantity (Sx); a score calculation section (10) for calculating an correspondence degree from a number of pixels for which a gradient direction contained in the matching region matches a gradient direction contained in the model pattern and a pattern correspondence degree which is a degree of similarity of a matching pattern between the gradient direction for each pixel in the matching region and the gradient direction for each pixel in the model pattern to a comparative matching pattern; and a position identifying section (11) for identifying the position in the captured image pointed at with the image capture object from a position of a target pixel for which the correspondence degree is a maximum.

The invention discloses a method for measuring the maximum scour depth of a viscous debris flow gully bed and the application thereof. The method comprises the following steps: weight Gamma1, depth h and a dynamic friction angle Beta of a viscous debris flow body, weight Gamma2, an internal frictional angle Phi and a viscosity coefficient C of cumulus deposits of an original gully bed, and vertical gradient J of the gully channel are determined by means of survey, measurement and sampling of the debris flow gully, testing of debris flow characteristic parameters and the like; and the obtained parameters are substituted into a calculation formula to obtain the maximum scour depth of the viscous debris flow gully bed. The method is applicable to the design of foundation embedded depth in a viscous debris flow prevention project, and the obtained maximum scour depth of the viscous debris flow gully bed serves as the minimum foundation embedded depth in the prevention project. Compared with the prior art, as the method is based on rigorous theory derivation, the maximum scour depth of the viscous debris flow gully bed can be reasonably determined, and references on the design of the foundation embedded depth in the prevention project are provided; and the method is high in result accuracy and can meet the requirements of the practical project.

The invention provides a growing method for an indium phosphide single crystal. The method comprises the following steps: using a vertical gradient freeze method for heating indium phosphide seed, indium phosphide polycrystal, diboron trioxide and red phosphorus, and growing crystals to obtain the indium phosphide single crystal, wherein the red phosphorus takes up 0.05-0.1% of the total mass of the indium phosphide polycrystal, the diboron trioxide and the red phosphorus. By the provided growing method, the indium phosphide single crystal with substantially lower dislocation density can be obtained without adding dopant such as ferrum or sulfur, thereby simplifying the technology and saving the cost; moreover, the few red phosphorus (only one tenth of the dosage of the red phosphorus in the prior art) is used in the preparation method, thereby reducing the danger during the production. It is shown by experiments that the average dislocation density of the indium phosphide single crystal obtained by the provided growing method is 2000-4000/cm2, with the local dislocation density being less than 500/cm2. The invention further provides a growing device of the indium phosphide single crystal.

The invention discloses a multi-stage side heater in a vertical gradient freezing crystal growing furnace. The multi-stage side heater comprises a graphite sleeve, and an upper heater and a lower heater positioned in the graphite sleeve, wherein the upper heater in the graphite sleeve is connected with a graphite electrode fixed on an upper furnace cover plate, and is connected with the graphite sleeve through boron nitride; or the upper heater is supported by a graphite block, and the graphite sleeve is connected with an electrode fixed on the upper furnace cover plate; the lower heater is arranged in the graphite sleeve and is supported by a graphite block; and the graphite sleeve is connected with the electrode fixed on the upper furnace cover plate, and is fixed on the upper furnace cover plate through a screw. The invention has the advantages that: a suspended side heating system can entirely move upwards together with a furnace cover, and is entirely detached, and an insulating layer outside the heating system is not needed to be detached, so equipment maintenance, material loading and material taking are greatly facilitated; and a long plate electrode is adopted, a complete graphite cylinder is formed outside the side heating system, and the graphite cylinder can absorb, reradiate and reflect heat of the heater, so the heat utilization ratio is improved, and a thermal field has higher symmetry and stability.

The invention belongs to the technical field of image processing, and particularly relates to a method for magnetic resonance quick imaging. The method for the magnetic resonance quick imaging comprises the following steps of step A, carrying out dictionary studying on a horizontal gradient image and a vertical gradient image of an image gradient domain, and establishing an image model; and step B, alternately updating the sparse expression of image blocks by a remodeling algorithm, restoring the horizontal gradient and the vertical gradient, and remodeling images on the horizontal gradient and the vertical gradient. The method for the magnetic resonance quick imaging, provided by the embodiment of the invention, has the advantages that through the introduction of the self-adaptive dictionary studying, the block effect of the target image caused by the fixed finite difference conversion is overcome, and the images with more complicated structures can be processed, so as to more precisely remodel; and after being processed, the gradient images are more sparse than the original images, so more accuracy and robustness of the dictionary studying are realized, the images can be expressed more sparsely, the fidelity is higher, and more details can be restored.

The present invention relates to an image processing device and method, a program, and a recording medium whereby the detection precision of a motion vector by the gradient method can be further improved. A counter value computing unit 451 acquires the number of valid pixels, the number of pixels having no gradient in the horizontal direction, and the number of pixels having no gradient in the vertical direction from a valid pixel number counter 441, a no-horizontal-gradient counter 442, and a no-vertical-gradient counter 443, computes the ratio between valid pixels within a computation block and one-sided gradient pixels among the valid pixels, and controls the value of a flag which a flag setting unit 452 sets in accordance with the computation results. The flag setting unit 452 sets the value of a gradient flag, and outputs the gradient flag to the subsequent stage. At the subsequent stage, gradient method computation and vector evaluation processing are executed based on the gradient flag. The present invention can be applied to a signal processing device for performing frame frequency conversion processing from a 24P signal to a 60P signal.

The invention discloses a method for analyzing a temperature gradient effect of a flat steel box girder of a long-span steel bridge. The structure of a steel box girder is a hexagonal flat steel box girder. The method comprises the following steps of: analyzing the sectional temperature gradient distribution of the steel box girder; acquiring a gradient curve of piecewise linear change of the maximum temperature along a vertical direction; and analyzing influence of temperature on stress and deformation of the steel box girder. The method is applicable to orthotropic flat steel box girders with or without a footway flange plate. The sectional temperature gradient distribution, the vertical gradient curve and a formula, which are acquired according to the method, are accordant with the distribution of sectional temperatures of the structure of the flat steel box girder at a sunlight temperature difference. By applied temperature gradient distribution which is acquired according to the method, the influence of temperature on stress and deformation can be analyzed. The research of the method is aided financially by national science and technology supporting planning projects 2009BAG15B03.

The invention provides an improved gradient freeze GaAs single crystal growing method. According to the method, a traditional vertical gradient freeze (VGF) or vertical Bridgman (VB) crystal growing device is improved. The improved gradient freeze GaAs single crystal growing method is characterized in that a heating system is installed at the top of a crystal growing furnace and heating elements are a set of series-connection U-shaped silicomolybdic bars. The distribution curve of temperatures in a furnace body is formed through a heat insulation plate. GaAs raw materials are molten in a high-temperature area above the heat insulation plate and melt grows in a crystallizing mode in a temperature gradient area formed by the heat insulation plate. Obtained crystals are moved to the space below the heat insulation plate through a descending device, and high-temperature in-situ annealing is conducted to release thermal stress. GaAs single crystals grown by the adoption of the technology have the advantages of being low in dislocation, large in size, small in thermal stress and the like.

A method of analyzing dip in a seismic data volume in which a horizontal gradient is calculated in a first direction in the seismic data volume. A vertical gradient is calculated at data locations in the seismic data volume corresponding to the locations at which the horizontal gradient was calculated. Dip is calculated in the first direction from the horizontal gradient in the first direction and the vertical gradient. Repetition of the process for the entire seismic data volume results in a dip volume.

The invention relates to a method for producing a monocrystalline or polycrystalline semiconductor material by way of directional solidification, wherein lumpy semiconductor raw material is introduced into a melting crucible and melted therein and directionally solidified, in particular using the vertical gradient freeze method.

In order to prevent contamination and damage, the semiconductor raw material is melted from the upper end of the melting crucible. The molten material trickles downward, so that semiconductor raw material which has not yet melted gradually slumps in the melting crucible. In this case, the additional semiconductor raw material is replenished to the melting crucible from above onto a zone of semiconductor raw material which has not yet melted or is not completely melted, in order at least partly to compensate for a volumetric shrinkage of the semiconductor raw material and to increase the filling level of the crucible.

In order to reduce the melting-on time and to influence the thermal conditions in the system as little as possible, the semiconductor raw material to be replenished is heated by the purposeful introduction of heat to a temperature below the melting temperature of the semiconductor raw material and introduced into the container in the heated state.