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In the estimation method, first data is acquired, the first data being data related to a state of an apparatus and having a plurality of parameters including a specific parameter (S1). In the estimation method, second data is generated by changing a value of the specific parameter in the acquired first data (S2). In the estimation method, first estimation data is output by inputting the acquired first data to an estimation model that has been learned in such a manner that the above data is input and information indicating a change in the state of the apparatus is output (S3). In the estimation method, second estimation data is output by inputting the second data to the estimation model (S4). In the estimation method, an influence of the specific parameter on the state of the apparatus is estimated based on a relationship between the first estimation data and the second estimation data (S5).

The invention relates to a terahertz BIC metasurface-based VOC (volatile organic compound) sensor, which comprises a dielectric substrate, a microfluidic channel substrate and a microfluidic channel, and further comprises an array structure formed by periodically arranging four groups of all-dielectric cylindrical high-resistance silicon structures on one side of the dielectric substrate, the dielectric substrate and the four groups of all-dielectric cylindrical high-resistance silicon structures form an all-dielectric continuum bound state BIC metasurface, the Q value can be remarkably improved, and the continuum bound state BIC metasurface and the microfluidic channel substrate are integrated. The full-dielectric structure in one unit is composed of four groups of cylindrical high-resistance silicon, the four groups of cylindrical high-resistance silicon form a C4v symmetric tetramer cluster, and the four groups of full-dielectric cylindrical high-resistance silicon are connected through thin fins and are integrated with a microfluidic channel, so that accurate measurement of a volatile organic compound (VOC) object to be measured can be realized. The VOC sensor based on the terahertz BIC metasurface, provided by the embodiment of the invention, is combined with a terahertz time-domain spectroscopy system, can realize effective measurement of VOC under different solution concentration conditions, is simple in structure and mature in manufacturing process, and has important application prospects in multiple fields such as terahertz source devices and terahertz sensing.