The invention discloses a rear axle system nonlinear strength analysis method. The method comprises the steps that 1, a rear axle material curve is processed; 2, an error judgment value e is set; 3, an initial point counter i=1 and an ending point counter j=3 are generated; 4, initial points and ending points are connected to generate judgment lines; 5, errors e between original data, between the initial points and the ending points, and the judgment lines are calculated; 6, the calculated errors are judged, if all the errors are smaller than e, the ending point counter j is equal to j+1, an array storing the errors is reset, and the step 4 is returned to, and if at least one of the errors is greater than e, the initial point counter i is equal to j-1, the ending point counter j is equal to j+1, the array storing the errors is reset, and the step 4 is returned to; and 7, the initial point of the judgment line generated each time and the last point of material curve data processed in the step 1 are used as reserved points, other points are deleted, and optimized material data is obtained. Through the method, a material stress-strain curve and a bushing stiffness curve are reasonably shrunk, and therefore calculation efficiency is improved.