The invention provides a communication iron tower deformation automatic detection device and detection method. The detection device comprises a base, a detection main frame, trackballs, springs, connecting rods and rheostats; the base is disc-shaped as a whole and is fixed on a beam of a communication iron tower. The upper surface of the base is provided with a number of tracks evenly distributed in the radial direction. The trackballs are arranged on the tracks, and the detection main frame is welded and fixed at the middle position of the upper surface of the base, and the sliding rheostats are arranged on the inner side of the detection main frame. Each sliding rheostat has a slipping sheet and a rheostat main body. The plurality of springs are separately installed in the corresponding tracks. One end of each spring is in fixed connection with the corresponding trackball, and the other end of the spring is fixedly connected to the detection main frame. The connecting rods, having the same number as the tracks, are installed in the same direction as the springs. One end of each connecting rod is fixedly connected to the corresponding trackball, and the other end of the connecting rod is fixedly connected to a corresponding sliding sheet. The device and method of the invention have advantages of being simple in structure, low in cost, high in measurement precision, being convenient and fast, etc.