The invention discloses a data transmission method, device and system. The device is integrated on an FPGA. The apparatus comprises: an apparatus body; the system comprises a protocol stack logic control unit, a transmit-receive control logic unit, a data interaction control unit and an over-ten-gigabit optical transmit-receive unit used for receiving/sending data. The protocol stack logic controlunit is used for acquiring to-be-sent data, encoding the to-be-sent data according to a TCP/IP protocol, sending the encoded to-be-sent data through the over-ten-gigabit optical transceiver unit, decoding the to-be-received data received through the over-ten-gigabit optical transceiver unit according to the TCP/IP protocol, and sending the decoded to-be-received data to the transceiver control logic unit; transceiving control logic unit, the verification module is used for receiving the to-be-sent data information from the CPU and carrying out validity verification on the to-be-sent data information; and when the data is legal, sending the to-be-sent data information to the protocol stack logic control unit, and storing the decoded to-be-received data to an external memory according to verification of the legality of the decoded to-be-received data from the protocol stack logic control unit.