The present invention discloses a network adaptive coding adjustment method and a network adaptive coding adjustment device. The network adaptive coding adjustment method comprises the steps of: acquiring, by a terminal, a media frame, putting the media frame into a buffer queue, and calculating a current bandwidth and a current network congestion level; judging a data rate adjustment type according to the current bandwidth and the current network congestion level, and calculating coding adjustment parameters, wherein both adjusted data rate values and adjusted frame frequency values need to be calculated, in this way, when the data rate is adjusted downwards, frame frequency is correspondingly reduced, thus the problem of deteriorated image quality caused by reduction of the data rate can be effectively solved, and when the data rate adjustment type is downward adjustment, the data rate value needing to be adjusted downwards is calculated based on the current bandwidth, thus the maximal bandwidth utilization rate can be achieved as far as possible while process is ensured; and performing, by the terminal, coding configuration adjustment based on the calculated coding adjustment parameters. Through adoption of the above network adaptive coding adjustment method, coding configuration is adjusted in an adaptive bandwidth mode, thereby reducing transmission of invalid media frames, and improving smoothness.