The invention relates to a clamping mechanism for a precision injection molding machine. The clamping mechanism comprises a structure frame composed of a fixed die plate, a movable die plate, a rear die plate and a guide column, a movable die plate fast moving mechanism and a clamping cylinder structure; the section of the guide column on the structure frame is rectangular, four corner parts of the movable die plate are provided with rollers on the upper column surface, the lower column surface and the inner side of the guide column; the movable die plate fast moving mechanism is composed of a motor reduction gear, a pair of engaged gears and rack and a guide wheel; the clamping cylinder structure is composed of four cylinders, a clamping support plate and a transmission mechanism, and the rear die plate has a through hole through which a cylinder piston rod is capable of passing. The clamping mechanism provided by the invention has the advantages that the friction between the movable die plate and the guide column is changed as the rolling friction from the sliding friction, the fit clearance is adjustable, the movement precision is improved, the movement resistance is decreased, and the energy consumption is reduced; through the rotation of the clamping support plate, the length of the guide column required for die closing is greatly shortened through the support or discharging provided for the cylinder piston rod, the whole machine body is reduced, and the control is simplified.