The invention discloses a mining foam paste filling material prepared by utilizing a synergistic foaming method and a preparation method thereof, which are widely suitable for filling of coal mine gob areas, closure of laneways and construction of underground firewalls. The filling material comprises a component A and a component B, wherein the component A comprises an active component, a fine aggregate, a mineral foaming agent, an activating agent, a coagulant and the like; and the component B comprises a foaming agent, a foam stabilizing agent, a water reducing agent and the like. The key point is as follows: after fly ash is activated, the fly ash can be used for replacing part of cement for being used as a cementing material; and in addition, a concrete foaming technology is applied to the filling material, and the mineral foaming agent is innovatively applied to work in coordination with a concrete foaming agent for foaming, so that the foaming expansion performance, pumping performance and anti-seepage performance of the filling material are improved on the original basis, a gob area with a larger space can be filled under the condition of low cement consumption, and low consumption, environmental friendliness, energy conservation and easiness in pumping are realized.